The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

Practice questions covering the rise of nationalism in Europe, the French Revolution, the making of nation-states, and key historical figures and events.

Who was the French artist that prepared four prints in $1848$ to visualize a world of 'democratic and social Republics'?

Frédéric Sorrieu

In historical context, what does the term 'Absolutist' refer to?

A form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive, exercising power with no restraints.

What is defined as a vision of a society so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist?

Utopian

How did Ernst Renan define a nation in his $1882$ lecture?

A large-scale solidarity and the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice, and devotion.

What is a 'Plebiscite'?

A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

In what year did the first clear expression of nationalism occur with the French Revolution?

$$1789$$

Which two ideas emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution in revolutionary France?

la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen)

What was the Civil Code of $1804$ commonly known as?

The Napoleonic Code

What were the primary achievements of the Napoleonic Code?

It did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law, and secured the right to property.

What did liberalism stand for in the economic sphere during the nineteenth century?

The freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.

What was the 'Zollverein' formed in $1834$?

A customs union formed at the initiative of Prussia that abolished tariff barriers and reduced currencies from over thirty to two.

Which political philosophy stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions, and preferred gradual development to quick change?

Conservatism

Who hosted the Congress of Vienna in $1815$?

Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich

What were the results of the Treaty of Vienna in $1815$?

The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power, France lost annexed territories, and a series of states were set up on French boundaries to prevent expansion.

Who was the Italian revolutionary that founded the secret societies 'Young Italy' and 'Young Europe'?

Giuseppe Mazzini

What treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation in $1832$?

The Treaty of Constantinople

Which cultural movement sought to develop nationalist sentiment by focusing on emotions, intuition, and mystical feelings instead of reason and science?

Romanticism

According to Johann Gottfried Herder, where was the true spirit of the German nation (volksgeist) found?

Among the common people through folk songs, folk poetry, and folk dances.

Which industry in Silesia saw a revolt by weavers against contractors in $1845$?

Cotton weaving

Where did the all-German National Assembly convene on $18$ May $1848$?

In the Church of St Paul in Frankfurt

Who was the chief minister of Prussia and the architect of German unification?

Otto von Bismarck

In which year was the Prussian king, William I, proclaimed German Emperor at Versailles?

$$1871$$

Which was the only Italian state ruled by an Italian princely house before unification?

Sardinia-Piedmont

Who led the 'Expedition of the Thousand' to South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in $1860$?

Giuseppe Garibaldi

What act led to the formation of the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain' in $1707$?

The Act of Union between England and Scotland

In the nineteenth century, who became the female allegories for the French and German nations?

Marianne for France and Germania for Germany

What did the crown of oak leaves worn by Germania represent?

Heroism

Which region of geographical and ethnic variation became the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after $1871$?

The Balkans

Which inhabitants lived in the Balkans and were broadly known by what name?

Slavs

What factors made the Balkan region explosive in the nineteenth century?

The spread of romantic nationalism and the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.