Medical Terminology Chapter 7

Atel/o

Incomplete, imperfect

Bronch/o, bronchi/o

Relating to bronchus or windpipe

Capn/o

Carbon dioxide

-centesis

Puncture or perforation of a body cavity

Coni/o

Dust

Cyan/o

Blue

-dynia

Pain

Endo-

Within

-ia

Condition of diseased or abnormal state

-isy

Inflammation, infection

Laryng/o

Larynx (voice box)

Nas/o, rhino

Nose

-ostomy

New opening

-otomy

Cutting into, incision

Ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

Oxygen

Pertuss/i

Intense cough

Pharyng/o

pharynx

Phon/o

Sound, voice

Pleur/o

Pleura, side of the body

-pnea

Breath, respiration

Pne/o

Breathing

Pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-, plum/o, pulmon/o

Lung

Poly-

Many

-ptysis

Spitting

Py/o

Pus

-rrhea

Flow, discharge

Sin/o, sin/u, sinus/o

Sinus

Somn/i, somn/o

Sleep

-spasm

Sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle

Spir/o

Breathe, breathing

Thorac/o, -thorax

Thorax, chest

Trache/o

Trachea

Acute bronchitis

Inflammation of the breathing tubes within the lungs as a result of an infection or a chemical irritant

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Life-threatening lung injury that allows fluid to leak into the lungs

Allergic rhinitis

Swelling of the nasal passages caused by allergens

Alveolus (-i)

Tiny air-filled sacs arranged in clusters in the lungs where the exchange of CO2 and O2 takes place

Ambu bag

Artificial manual breathing unit

Anoxia

Absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood

Antihistamine

Prescription or over-the-counter medication that blocks some of what histamine does

Antitussive

Medication administered to prevent/relieve coughing

Aphonia

The loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

Apnea

The stoppage of breathing white asleep, causing minimal airflow

Asbestosis

The form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

Asphyxia

The loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

Aspiration pneumonia (-ae)

Inhalational acute lung injury that occurs after aspiration of sterile gastric contents

Asthma

Chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes

Atelectasis

Incomplete expansion of part or all of the lung

Bacterial pneumonia

Pneumonia caused by the streptococcus pneumoniae germ

Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

Device that aids in breathing

Bradypnea

An abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

Bronchiectasis

Permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation

Bronchodilator

An inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

Bronchopneumonia (-ae)

Type of pneumonia that inflames the alveoli inside the lungs

Bronchorrhea

An excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

Bronchoscopy (-ies)

The visual examination of teh bronchi using a bronchoscope

Bronchospasm (s)

A contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

An irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shall respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea

Chronic bronchitis

Type of COPD that is defined as a productive cough of more than three months occurring within a span of two years

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A condition involving constriction of the airways and difficulty or discomfort in breathing

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Pneumonia infection in a community setting

Continuous positive airway pressure (cPAP)

A machine that uses mild air pressure to keep breathing airways open while you sleep

Corticosteroid

Anti-inflammatory medicine that is a synthetic form of hormones normally produced by the adrenal glands

Croup

A disease that causes swelling in the airways and problems breathing

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxidation of the blood

Cystic fibrosis (CF)

Life-threatening disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

Decongestant

Type of medicine tha can provide short-term relief for a blocked or stuffy nose

Dysphonia

Difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty

Dyspnea

Difficult or labored breathing

Emphysema

Progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking

Empyema

Collection of pus in any body cavity

Endotracheal intubation (ETT)

The passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

Epistaxis

Bleeding from the nose

Eupnea

Normal, good, healthy, and unlabored breathing

Expectorant

A medicine which promotes the segregation of sputum by the air passages, used to treat coughs

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

minimally invasive surgery for serious sinus conditions

Granuloma

Tiny cluster of white blood cells and other tissue

Hemoptysis

Expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum

Hemothroax (-cues)

Collection of blood in the pleural cavity

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)

Treats wounds and other medical conditions by supplying you with 100% oxygen inside a special chamber

Hypercapnia

Abnormal buildup of CO2 in the blood

Hyperpnea

Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest

Hyperventilation

Rapid or deep breathing, usually caused by anxiety or panic

Hypopnea

Shallow or slow respiration

Hypoxemia

A condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood

Hypoxia

Condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia

Interstitial lung disease

An umbrella term used for a large group of diseases that cause scarring (fibrosis) of the lungs

Laryngectomy

Removal of all or part of the larynx

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx

Laryngoscopy

The visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth

Laryngospasm (s)

The sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

Laryngotomy

Surgical incision into the larynx, typically to provide an air passage when breathing is obstructed

Lobar pneumonia (-ae)

Acute exudative inflammation of the entire lobe

Lobectomy

A surgical procedure where an entire lobe of your lung is removed

Mediastinum

The middle section of the chest cavity located between the lungs

Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A device that contains a canister of medicine

Mucolytic drug (s)

Medications that providers use to treat chronic lung and breathing conditions

Mucus, mucous

A slimy substance secreted by mucous membranes and glands for lubrication protection

Mycoplasma pneumonia (-ae),, walking pneumonia

Atypical bacterium that causes lung infection; common cause of community-acquired pneumonia

Nebulizer (s)

An electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece

Otolaryngologist(s)/ otorhinolaryngologist(s)

Also known as ENT (ear, nose, throat), is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck