cognitive-perceptual terminology/symptoms

acalculia

inability to perform calculations

agraphia

inability to write

alexia

inability to read

anomia

inability to name objects or retrieve names of people

anosognosia

unawareness of motor deficit

brocas aphasia

• expressive aphasia

• loss of expressive language indicated by a loss of speech production

wernickes aphasia

• receptive aphasia

• deficit in auditory comprehension that affects semantic speech

global aphasia

loss of ability to comprehend and express

ideational apraxia

loss of the concept of idea required to perform a task lack of knowledge regarding object us

• ex) using a comb to brush teeth

motor apraxia/ideomotor apraxia

loss of access to kinesthetic memory so that purposeful movements cannot be achieved because of ineffective motor planning or sequencing, even though the idea or concept of the task is in tact

astereognosis (tactile agnosia)

inability to recognize objects, forms, shapes, and sizes by touch alone

body-scheme disorder

loss of awareness of body parts, as well as the relationship of the body parts to each other and objects

right-left discrimination

inability to discriminate between right and left sides of the body or to apply the concepts of right and left to the environment

somatoagnosia

diminished awareness of body structure and a failure to recognize body parts as one’s own

unilateral body neglect

failure to respond to or report unilateral stimulus presented to the body side contralateral of the lesion

disorientation

lack of knowledge of person, place, and time

figure/ground dysfunction

inability to distinguish foreground from background

long term memory loss

lack of storage, consolidation, and retention of information that has passed through working memory

• inability to retrieve this infomation

short term memory loss

lack of registration and temporary storing of information received by various sensory modalities

• loss of working memory

impaired organization and sequencing

inability to organize thoughts and activity steps properly sequenced

perseveration

continuation or repetition of a motor act or task

premotor perseveration

person continues to pull up a sock even though it is already covering the foot; person washes same part of face or same teeth

prefrontal perseveration

person washes their face completely; then repeats and repeats

impaired problem solving

inability to manipulate a fund of knowledge and apply this information to new or unfamiliar situations

spatial relations impairments

difficulty relating objects to each other or to the self

• up/down, front/back, under/over

topographical disorientation

difficulty finding one’s way in space secondary to memory dysfunction or an inability to interpret sensory stimuli

• person unable to find their hospital room after completing an OT session

unilateral spatial neglect

inattention to, or neglect of, stimuli presented in the extra-personal space contralateral to the lesion

far extra-personal space

person with left side neglect is not able to locate a clock on the left side of the wall

near extra-personal space

person with left side neglect asks for silverware which is already placed on the left side of the plate