Exam 2- Child development

What is Operant Conditioning in child development?

When a child is reinforced for acting on the environment.

What are the three domains of development?

Physical, Cognitive, Social/ Emotional.

Who created the Macrosystem in development theory?

Brofenbrenner.

What is the Zone of Proximal Development?

When a child is at a sensitive period for learning something with the help of another.

Which theorist believed that children construct knowledge by interacting with their environment?

Piaget.

What type of research primarily uses numeric data?

Quantitative.

What is the process called that researchers use to conduct research?

The Scientific Method.

What is one ethical consideration in research concerning children?

Keeping Children’s personal information confidential.

What group oversees and approves research at universities?

Institutional Review Board (IRB).

What do most research studies include alongside experimental groups?

Control groups.

During which stage of childbirth does the cervix relax and thin out?

Stage 1.

What is the most common type of pain relief used in a medicated birth?

Epidural.

In which stage of childbirth do uterine contractions get stronger and the baby is born?

Stage 2.

Who may be present at the birth to offer emotional support and coaching?

Doula.

What may be placed on the baby’s head to help with delivery if complications arise?

Vacuum Extractor.

What scale assesses the health of a newborn?

APGAR.

What are environmental toxins that can cause birth defects called?

Teratogens.

Which sense is the least developed in newborns?

Vision.

What is bonding in relation to a newborn?

This can include skin to skin contact with a newborn.

What is it called when a newborn cries for no obvious reason?

Colic.

What square is used to determine genetic probability of a trait?

Punnett.

How long does the prenatal stage last, including fertilization?

About 9 days.

Brofenbrenner’s ________ system has the greatest impact on a child.

Micro.

Which part of the APGAR scale assesses a newborn’s reaction to stimulus?

Grimace.

What is a child’s ability to adapt to difficult circumstances called?

Resilience.

True or False: Mental health is a developmental domain.

False - The three are Physical, Cognitive, Social & Emotional.

True or False: Emotional stress can have an impact on prenatal development.

True.

True or False: There are 5 stages of childbirth.

False - There are 3 stages.

True or False: Touch is the least developed sense at birth.

False - it is vision.

True or False: Oxytocin is a 'feel good' hormone that promotes bonding.

True.

True or False: Colic is a newborn reflex.

False - it is a condition of constant crying.

True or False: The APGAR scale assesses prenatal development.

False - it assesses newborn health.

True or False: A teratogen can cause birth defects.

True.

True or False: The placenta supports the embryo.

True.

True or False: An epidural is an example of fetal monitoring.

False - it is a medication used during labor.