Studied by 14 people
What is the pink?
nasal cavity
What is the red?
pleural cavity
What is the orange?
intercostal muscle
What is the green?
ribs
What is the yellow?
diaphragm
What is the dark blue?
trachea
What is the white?
lung
What is the black?
bronchus
What is the light blue?
bronchiole
What is the grey?
alveoli
What is the pleural cavity filled with?
fluid
What is the function of cartilage in trachea?
incomplete rings of cartilage for expansion when breathing
What is another name for inhalation?
inspiration
What happens to the intercostal muscles in inspiration?
external intercostals contract to elevate ribs
Which intercostal muscles move in inspiration?
external
What happens to the diaphragm in inspiration?
contracts to expand the thoracic cavity
What happens to the air pressure in the lungs in inspiration?
decreases
What happens to lung volume in inspiration?
increases
What is another name for exhalation?
expiration
what happens to the intercostal muscles in expiration?
internal intercostals contract to pull ribs down
Which intercostal muscles are involved in expiration?
internal
What happens to the diaphragm in expiration?
relaxes to reduce thoracic activity
What happens to the air pressure in the lungs in expiration?
increases
What happens to lung volume in expiration?
decreases
Does inhaled or exhaled air have more oxygen content?
inhaled (20-16)
Does inhaled or exhaled air have more carbon dioxide content?
exhaled (0.04-4)
Does inhaled or exhaled air have more nitrogen content?
same
What are the adaptions of an alveolus?
large surface area, moist lining, thin walls, good blood supply
How thin is a wall of an alveolus?
one cell thick
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
limewater
How does physical activity affect breathing?
increases rate and depth
What are three uses of energy in humans?
muscle contraction, growth, cell division
What is respiration?
chemical reactions that break down nutrients molecules in living cells to produce energy
Is respiration endothermic or exothermic?
exothermic
What does respiration involve?
the action of enzymes in cells
How much energy does aerobic respiration produce?
38 ATP
What is aerobic respiration?
using oxygen to break down nutrients for energy
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide and water
What is the chemical formula for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O
How much energy does anaerobic respiration produce?
2 ATP
What is anaerobic respiration?
a reaction in cells that breaks down nutrients without using oxygen
What is the word formula for anaerobic respiration in humans?
glucose = lactic acid + energy
What is the word formula for anaerobic respiration in plants?
glucose = ethanol + CO2
What is the chemical formula for anaerobic respiration in plants?
C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
What is another name for anaerobic respiration in plants?
fermentation
Where are two situations that fermentation occurs?
yeast and for wine
Why does anaerobic respiration occur?
if not enough oxygen is reaching muscle, it is an incomplete breakdown of glucose
Why does breathing rate and death increase while exercising?
to supply more oxygen to muscles
Why does heart rate increase when exercising?
it allows oxygen and glucose to reach muscles faster
Why does your body temperature increase when exercising?
respiration is happening faster which causes heat because energy is being created
Why do glycogen stores decrease when exercising?
stored glucose is used for respiration
Why do blood vessels widen during exercise?
more blood to flow to respiring tissues and skin to cool you down
What causes oxygen debt?
lactic acid building up in the muscles and blood during exercise
What is the recovery period?
when oxygen becomes available again after anaerobic exercise you respire aerobically to remove lactic acid
How does aerobic exercise remove lactic acid?
reacting lactic acid with oxygen to provide CO2 and H2O
What is the oxygen debt?
the amount of oxygen needed to completely break down lactic acid
Note
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