Chicano Studies 1 Final

Neoliberalism

-Sixth Week of Class, Lecture

-Reagan era policies meant to reduce government, roll back taxes on the rich, said that benefits would trickle down but never did, racial and class inequality widened and marginalized communities suffered

-Form of neo-racism/settler colonialism, due to the civil rights movement it was no longer politically viable to be outwardly racist so the powerful had to find a new way to discriminate against minorities

Alex Odeh

-Sixth and Eight Week of Class, Los Angeles Intifada Article

-West Coast Director of the American-Arab Discrimination Committee, was killed in Santa Ana in his office with a pipe bomb, was a civil rights activist born in Palestine, Jewish Defense League was responsible for his murder

-Was internationalist in scope as he was working for the liberation of Palestine in the United States, trying to raise awareness and was killed for it, victim of colonialism/apartheid

Los Angeles Intifada

-Sixth and Eight Week of Class, Los Angeles Intifada Article

-Arose after the murder of Alex Odeh and the persecution of the LA Eight, tied to the Palestinian intifada as well as the black and brown struggle in the United States

-Internationalist as it was reflecting the Palestinian Intifada occuring halfway around the world, powerful reflection of what both minorities in the US and Palestinians in Palestine/Israel experience

School of the Americas

-Sixth and Seventh Week of Class, Crossing the Lines Article

-US school meant to train Latin American soldiers to stop the spread of communism, were taught torture techniques, alumni would go on to perpetuate some of the worst human rights abuses in Latin America

-Tool of modern day settler colonialism, US wanting to craft their backyard into something that adheres to their ideology/needs while ignoring the reprecussions on the people of Latin America

Rufina Amaya

-Sixth Week of Class, Lecture, Crossing the Lines article

-Sole survivor of the El Mozote Massacre in El Salvador, told her story of survival and how she saw her children be massacred in front of her as all she could do was watch and listen to their pleas

-Survivor of US settler colonialism, example of the human toll that the US’s actions have on the people of Latin America

El Mozote Massacre

-Sixth Week of Class, Lecture, Crossing the Lines article

-Massacre in El Salvador during the Civil War, resulted in the deaths of 900 women and children inside a church, was orchestrated by soldiers taught in the School of the Americas

-Another example of the human toll that the US’s imperalist settler colonialist actions have on Latin America, internationalist as our actions (buying cheap produce) have on humans

Archbishop Oscar Romero

-Sixth Week of Lecture, Class

-Leader of Salvadoran Catholic Church, spoke out against the Civil War and was assassinated for it, those who planned his assassination were trained at the School of the Americas

-Voice which stood up against the US’s imperalism and died for it, form of sacrifical activism as he knew his actions could get him killed but did it anyways

Sanctuary Movement

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-Movement meant to provide safety to undocumented immigrants, included progressive whites, Catholics, and Jews, Los Angeles was a major hub for the movement, specifically Placita Olvera, tied to solidarity as many of the same people in the movement were trying to change US policy in Latin America

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Father Luis Olivares

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-Catholic priest who protested the LA Eight’s arrest and supported the UFW and sanctuary, gave shelter inside Placita Olvera to protect immigrants from being deported

-Example of liberation theology as he was using the backing of his religion (Catholicism) to make a moral argument for aiding immigrants while getting other religious people to help

Carol Anderson/White Rage

-Sixth Week of Class, Lecture

-African American author, thesis is that black progress sparks white rage, backlash coming from white people when they see that other groups are making progress

-Neoliberalist policies and counter-reconstructivism an example of white rage, minorities fight for everything they have only for there to be backlash from the powerful and they get those same rights which they fought for taken away

Reagan and MAGA

-Sixth Week of Class, Lecture

-Came into office in 1981 to a recession and inflation, employed neoliberal policies, targeted progressive movements, was the originator of Make America Great Again which would then be used by Trump in 2016, 2020, and 2024

-Used Neoliberalist policies and counter-reconstructivism as a way to take away everything minorities fought for

Liberation Theology

-Sixth Week of Class, Lecture

-Combination of Christian theology and Marxist economics with a focus on the liberation of the oppressed and poor, embraced by Black and Chicano Christians/Catholics such as Dr King and Catolicos Por la Raza

-Examples including Father Greg Boyle, Father Olivares, and Archbishop Oscar Romero as they all used a mix of their theology and political leanings to fight for the liberation of the oppressed

Father Roy Bourgeois and School of the Americas Watch

-Seventh Week of Class, Crossing the Lines article

-Vietnam War veteran turned Latin American activist who crossed into Fort Bennings so that troops could hear Romero’s sermon from the day before he was assassinated, gather yearly outside of Fort Bennings to protest the School of the Americas

-An example of Liberation Theology, internationalist in scope as he was advocating for the closure of an institution which was devestating Latin Americans

School of the Americas Awareness Week

-Seventh Week of Class, Crossing the Lines article

-Event put on by UCSB CHST 177 students meant to raise awareness and consciousness about the SOA, read out names of those killed in the El Mozote Massacre (presente), put on a screening of Voces Inocentes, recreated the El Mozote Massacre

-Using performace activism to raise awareness for the closure of the School of the Americas, internationalist in scope as they were fighting against an institution which was destroying communities in Latin America

Bernadette Godinez

-Seventh Week of Class, Crossing the Lines article

-UCSB CHST 177 student who partook in the SOA Awareness Week, 25 year old single mother who read out Rufina Amaya’s testimony, flew out to the SOA Watch protest at Fort Bennings, would eventually become a social worker

-Example of spectacular speech, made sense since she was a mother which made the performance much more emotionally charged, point made more effectively, internationlist

Sacrifical Activism

-Seventh Week of Class, Crossing the Lines article

-A form of activism where individuals willingly endure significant personal loss, risk, or hardship to advocate for a cause they believe in, crossing the line is a form of sacrifical activism as they all risk going to jail, losing their jobs or education, or even being deported

-Examples including hunger strikes, School of the Americas protest

Casas de Carton

-Week Seven of Class, Voces Inocentes, Oscar Torres guest speaker

-Song used by the Salvadorian resistance to protest against the government, speaks about the economic poverty of so many Latin Americans

-Internationalist spectacular speech activism, made in Venezula yet impact in El Salvador was great

Voces Inocentes

-Week Seven of Class, Voces Inocentes film, lecture, Oscar Torres guest speaker

-Film about the Salvadoran Civil War seen through the eyes of the writer Oscar Torres, highly violent and traumatic portrayl of the war

-Spectacular speech activism, shows US imperial settler colonialism

Oscar Torres

-Week Seven of Class, Voces Inocentes film, lecture, Oscar Torres guest speaker

-Hollywood writer who wrote Voces Inocentes to cope with his traumatic past, lived through the Salvadoran Civil War, forced to flee to the US when he was young

-Example of spectacular speech, survivor of US imperial settler colonialism

Prop 187

-Week Seven and Eight of Class, Lecture, 187 movie

-California state ballot measure that would ban undocumented immigrants from attending public schools or receiving medical care, would force teachers and health care worker to inform the INS of any undocumented immigrats, passed but was never enacted as it was labeled unconstitutional

-Form of settler colonialism, highly racist, grassroots movements formed to bring it down, form of white rage

Jose Angel Gutirrez and One-Stop Immigration

-Week Eight of Class, 187: The Rise of the Latino Vote

-Jose Angel Gutirrez is prominent Mexican-American civil rights activist who provided the groundwor k for the political organizing against the passing of Prop 187, One Stop Immigration was a community based grassroots organization that was created to fight Prop 187

-Grassroots response to settler colonialist Prop 187

Antonia Hernandez

-Week Eight of Class, 187: The Rise of the Latino Vote

-Antonia Hernandez is a prominent Latina civil rights activist who was instrumental to the legal challenge against Prop 187, she eventually helped to overturn the proposiiton in a federal court

-Grassroots response to settler colonialist Prop 187

Tree of Life Synagogue

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-Jewish synagogue in Pittsburh which provided Central American and Syrian refugees with support and assistance, upset a white supremacist who massacred 11 people inside the synagogue in 2018 as he believed they were bringing invaders that were killing Americans

-Form of white rage, motivated by settler colonialist and racist rhetoric from Trump

El Paso Walmart Shooting

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-2019 Shooting at a Walmart in El Paso directed against Latinos as the shooter believed that they were invading Texas and that white people were being replaced by Latinos, was partially motivated by President Trump’s statements on Latinos

-Form of white rage, motivated by settler colonialist and racist rhetoric from Trump

McDonald’s Massacre (San Ysidro)

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-1984 Shooting inside a McDonalds at the US-Mexico border which killed 22 people, nearly all Mexicans, orchestrated by a white supremacist who blamed Mexicans for taking his welding job, motivated by free trade as he lost his job due to it

-Form of white rage, motivated by settler colonialism and globalization

Committee in Solidarity with the People of El Salvador

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-Started at CSULA in 1980, fund-raised by gay white activist Don White, fought for Central American rights specifically that detained children must be treated humanly and released within 20 days

-Grassroots response to the setller colonialist treatment of immigrants by the US, intersectional in nature due to Don white being a gay white activist who was advocating for immigrants

Angela Sanbrano

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-Chicana member of CISPES, eventually would become the national director of CISPES after attending the People’s College of Law which was a radical law school and then was the executive director for the Central American Resource Center

-Response to the setller colonialist treatment of immigrants by the US

Anti-Apartheid Movement

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice

-Campus based movement at Stanford to pressure university from divesting from South Africa due to apartheid, likened to racialized segregation in the United States, collaboration among students of all backgrounds who demanded social justice for all disenfranchised people

-Internationalist

Rigoberta Menchu

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice

-Guatemalan Mayan Indian woman who opposed the country’s military dictators in the 1970s and 80s

-Internationalist, response to US imperial settler colonialism

Operation Gatekeeper

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture, Starving for Justice

-1994 Operation headed by Democratic President Bill Clinton to militarize the border in the name of security through more agents, sensors, and technology which moved migrants from mahor cities to the desert which would result in their deaths, result of anti-immigrant sentiment

-White rage, settler colonialist

North American Free Trade Agreement

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture, Starving for Justice

-1994 Trade agreement which moved manufacturing jobs to Mexico due to their lower wages and fewer environmental restrictions, crushed unions, signed by Democratic President Bill Clinton

-Globalist form of settler colonialism, resulted in San Ysidro Massacre as well as correlated to EZLN uprising

Zapatista National Liberation Army

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture, Starving for Justice

-1994 Indigenous movement which emerged in Chiapas on the same day that NAFTA went into effect, called for dignity, for a world where they would not be forgotten by neoliberal modernization

-Response to abandonment of indigenous communities by the Mexican government as well as globalizing force of NAFTA, try to create a world with a place for many worlds

Year of the Boomerang

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture, Starving for Justice

-1994 was a conjunctural moment—global, national, and state-wide issues
-The year the oppressed fought back through the EZLN and activism such as through hunger strikes, also a Rage Against the Machine song, said that racial programs such as Operation Gatekeeper and neoliberal acts such as NAFTA sowed the seeds of rebellion and resistance which result in the system’s own demise

1993 UCLA Hunger Strike

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture, Starving for Justice

-Hunger strike by UCLA students in response to Chancellor Young blocking the creation of a Chicano Studies Department, organized by MEChA, would eventually be victorious

-Form of grassroots organizing, sacrifical activism, and spectacular speech

False vs True Generosity

-Week Ten of Class, AB 101 Article

-False generosity involving pacifying measures taken by the oppressors to mollify and co-opt the oppressed, do not disturb power relations rather they obscure them, true generosity involving actions that the oppressed initiate to facilitate their own liberation, usually disrupt power relations

-Examples could be the plaques set up by the university commemorating the North Hall takeover vs what students fought for

Cindy Montanez

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice

-One of the five UCLA student hunger strikes, parents had been involved in political protests and was deeply involved with community activism

-Grassroots and sacrifical activist

1994 UCSB Hunger Strike

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice, Lecture

-Hunger strike organized by El Congreso, demanded for fees to stop being increased, expand funding to Chicano Studies and create a Community Center in IV, to maintain El Centro and rename it after Arnulfo Casillas, to ban grapes from campus, resulted in EOP expanding, more professors and a PhD program, and El Centro was not demolished and was renamed

-Grassroots and sacrifical activism

El Centro Arnulfo Casillas

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice, Lecture

-Arnulfo Casillas was a founding member of El Congreso, El Centro had been the department house of the Chicano Studies department, historic counter-space within campus

-Saved by grassroots, spectacular speech, and sacrifical activism, place for the Latino community in a place where they don’t feel like they have a home

Naomi Garcia

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice

-UCSB hunger striker, El Congreso co-chairperson, asked to take direct action in response to what was going on in the world and around campus

-Grassroots and sacrifical activist

Alma Flores

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice

-UCSB hunger striker, El Congreso chairperson

-Grassroots and sacrifical activist

Oscar Gomez Jr

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice, Lecture

-UC Davis student who attended the Take Back Chicano Studies rally who was found dead in shallow water below a bluff on campus, family and El Congreso suggested he could have been assassinated due to his beliefs

-Grassroots and sacrifical activist

1968 North Hall Computer Center Take-Over

-Week Eight and Ten of Class, Starving for Justice, Lecture

-Nonviolent occupation of North Hall by Black Union students who demanded the establishment of Black and Chicano studies departments

-Example of true generosity, students had to fight for what we have now, even though they fought the university tried to take credit for it

Zoraida Reyes

-Week Eight of Class, Lecture

-Transgender UCSB activist who was killed in a hate crime in the OC in 2014, was a Chicano Studies major, part of the trans-liberation movement

-Grassroots and sacrifical activist

Spectacular Speech

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice, Lecture

-Public discourse that combines verbal articulation with dramatic, symbolic, or performative elements to amplify its impact. it often transcends traditional speech by incorporating visual, emotional, and symbolic cues that captivate attention and provoke strong reactions,

-Hunger strike an example as it combines verbal appeals with the performative act of hunger striking

Alice Paul

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice

-US suffragist who engaged in a hunger strike to obtain votes for women in the early 20th Century

-Spectacular speech example, forgotten because she is a woman?

Bare Life, Better Life, Precarity

-Week Ten of Class, Lecture

-Bare life referring to a life without much, how Carlos came to the US for a better life than he had in Mexico but simply found a reduced way of living due to his fear of being deported and lack of opportunities

-What we are sold vs the reality

Critical Race Theory and Counter-Storytelling

-Week Ten of Class, Lecture, AB 101 Article

-Challenges majoritarian stories, focusing on diversity, equity, and inclusion, way to combat the status quo through education, huge backlash against CRT in red states while California has made it a HS requirement

-Important tool to fight back against settler colonialism through education

Immigrant Youth Movement and DREAMERs Narrative

-Week Ten of Class, Lecture

-Built on counter-storytelling

-Important tool to fight back against settler colonialism through education

AB 101

-Week Ten of Class, AB 101 Article

-Requires that every high school student take at least one ethnic studies course as either an elective or an A-G requirement, hard fought battle with great pushback from conservatives, eventually signed into law by Newsom in 2021

-Example of fighting back against settler colonialism through education

Tiffany Willoughby Herard

-Week Ten of Class, video

-UC Irvine tenured professor who was arrested for protesting against the war in Gaza

-Example of sacrifical activist

Father Greg Boyle and Homeboy Industries

-Week Ten of Class, Father Greg Boyle visit

-Founder of Homeboy Industries, an organization meant to help out former gang members get jobs, get their tattoos removed, and get their life in order, fight hate with love

-Example of Liberation Theology

Culture Clash

-Week Eight of Class, Starving for Justice

-Dealt with an academic war in the early 90s that focused on transforming an unjust capitalist, racist, sexist, heterosexist, and imperialist system into something socially conscious, also an attempt by the right to fight against multiculturalism and demand Western culture be taught, feared it would disunite the country

-Fighting settler colonialism through education as well as white rage response