Cyber Security

Cyber security

Practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.

Malware

Malicious software disrupting, damaging, or gaining unauthorized access to computer systems. Types include viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and adware.

Phishing

Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy entity in electronic communications. Types include email phishing, spear phishing, smishing, and vishing.

Ransomware

Type of malware encrypting victim's files and demanding payment for decryption key. Examples include WannaCry, CryptoLocker, and NotPetya.

Insider Threats

Security risks from within the organization, involving malicious insiders, negligent insiders, and compromised insiders.

Vulnerabilities

Weaknesses in a system that can be exploited by threats, such as software bugs like buffer overflows, code injection, privilege escalation, weak passwords, and unpatched software.

Buffer Overflows

Errors occurring when a program writes more data to a buffer than it can hold, potentially allowing execution of arbitrary code.

Code Injection

Flaws enabling attackers to inject malicious code into a program, often through input fields.

Privilege Escalation

Vulnerabilities allowing attackers to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected.

Weak Passwords

Easily guessable passwords providing an easy entry point for attackers due to common words or phrases, short length, and lack of complexity.

Unpatched Software

Outdated software lacking the latest security patches, making it vulnerable to attacks by exploiting known vulnerabilities.

Types of Cyber Attacks

Include malware (viruses, worms, trojans, spyware), which disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Viruses

Attach to legitimate programs or files, spread between computers, and can cause damage by deleting files, corrupting data, or slowing down system performance.

Worms

Self-replicating malware spreading without user intervention, exploiting network vulnerabilities to infect systems and cause disruption.

Trojans

Disguised as legitimate software but contain malicious code to create backdoors, steal information, or install additional malware.

Spyware

Secretly monitors and collects user information, tracking online activities, capturing keystrokes, and harvesting personal data for identity theft or espionage.

Adware

Automatically displays or downloads advertising material. Can track user behavior to deliver targeted ads. Can degrade system performance and invade privacy.