Biologic Variations and Culturally Competent Care

Flashcards covering biologic variations, pharmacology differences, disease susceptibility, and blood group profiles across different racial and ethnic groups based on NCM 120 lecture notes.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)

The first enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism that converts alcohol into acetaldehyde.

Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)

The second enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism that converts acetaldehyde, a toxic substance, into acetic acid, a nontoxic substance.

Facial Flushing (Alcohol Ingestion)

A vasomotor symptom following alcohol ingestion occurring in 45% to 85% of Asians compared to 3% to 29% of Whites.

Liver Cirrhosis Risk Factors

An elevated mortality risk found among Hispanic Americans and Black Americans who drink, correlated with twofold elevations of aspartate aminotransferase levels.

Caffeine Excretion Rates

A metabolic variation in which caffeine is metabolized and excreted faster by Whites than by Asians due to liver enzyme differences.

Beta-Adrenergic Receptor-Blocking Agents Response

An antihypertensive drug response profile where African-Americans tend to require higher doses of agents such as propranolol (inderal) for blood pressure control.

ACE Inhibitors Response

An antihypertensive therapy (such as captopril) that tends to be less effective as a single therapy for African-Americans than for Whites.

Propranolol Sensitivity in Chinese Men

A pharmacodynamic trait where Chinese men require only about half as much propranolol as White American men, even after adjusting for body surface area and body weight.

Psychotropic Dosing in Chinese Individuals

A metabolic difference where Chinese participants require lower doses of benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, atropine, and propranolol, and exhibit increased side effects at comparable doses.

Haloperidol (Haldol) Response Threshold

A lower dose/optimal response threshold for haloperidol observed in Chinese individuals compared to White counterparts.

Tuberculosis Incidence Rates (2016)

Epidemiological data showing tuberculosis incidence was seven times higher in African-Americans, nine times higher in Asians and Pacific Islanders, and four times higher in American Indians compared to non-Hispanic Whites.

American Indian Blood Group Profile

A racial blood group pattern marked by a prevalence for type O blood, some incidence of type A blood, and virtually no incidence of type B blood.

Type O Blood Associated Risks

A blood profile associated with a greater risk for duodenal ulcers, but a diminished chance of developing thromboembolic disease when taking birth control pills.

Type A Blood Associated Risks

A blood profile associated with a higher statistical likelihood of developing cancer of the stomach.

Diabetes Mellitus Regional Peak

The highest geographic incidence of diabetes in the United States, reaching 25.7% among American Indians residing in the southeastern U.S.

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

The most common genetic disorder in the United States, occurring predominantly in African-Americans (1 in 500 births) and Hispanic Americans (1 in 1200 births).

Type A G-6-PD Deficiency

A fast-moving enzyme deficiency variety on starch-gel electrophoresis found in 35% of African-Americans with G-6-PD deficiency.

Type B G-6-PD Deficiency

A slow-moving enzyme deficiency variety on starch-gel electrophoresis found in 65% of Blacks and nearly all non-Blacks with G-6-PD deficiency.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

An autoimmune disease with an estimated incidence of 2.6 per 100,000 population, occurring more frequently in African-Americans and extremely rarely in Asians.

AIDS Disparities in African-Americans

A health disparity where African-Americans make up 1 of every 8 U.S. residents but account for 1 of every 4 Americans living with AIDS (24% of total reported cases).