The Tissue Level of Organization - Chapter 4

Flashcards on Tissue Level of Organization

Nervous tissue

Body tissue that functions in communication.

Epithelial tissue

Body tissue that covers and lines.

Muscle tissue

Body tissue responsible for movement.

Connective tissue

Body tissue that connects.

Synovial membranes

Connective tissue membranes.

Mucous membranes

Epithelial tissue membranes.

Serous membranes

Epithelial tissue membranes.

Cutaneous membrane.

Epithelial tissue membranes.

Tight junctions

Cell junctions that keep pathogens and toxins out.

Gap junctions

Cell junctions used for cell to cell communication.

Anchoring junctions

Cell junctions resistant to mechanical stress.

Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

Flat sheet with the upper surface exposed to the environment or an internal body cavity.

Basement membrane

Anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue.

Covering and lining epithelium

Epithelium that covers and lines.

Glandular epithelium

Epithelium that functions in protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion and sensory reception.

Apical surface

Epithelial surface facing the lumen or outside world.

Basal surface

Epithelial surface facing the basement membrane.

Simple

One layer of cells.

Stratified

Two or more layers of cells.

Squamous

Flat epithelial cells, with flattened nucleus.

Cuboidal

Epithelial cells with cube shape, with large nucleus.

Columnar

Column shape, elongated nucleus.

Goblet Cell

Cells that secrete mucus.

Connective Tissue

Supports and Protects.

Connective Tissue Functions

Connects structures to each other and gives support and protection.

Ground Substance of Connective Tissue

Gelatinous or rubbery material found in between cells.

adhesive glycoproteins

Protein-carbohydrate complexes that bind plasma membrane to collagen or proteoglycans outside the cells.

Collagen fibers

Made of the protein collagen, tough, resistant to stretch, yet flexible.

Reticular fibers

Thinner collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein.

Elastic fibers

Thin branching fibers made of elastin, stretch & recoil like a rubber band (elasticity).

Blast cells

Mitotic cells that secrete ground substance and fibers for the matrix.

Fibroblasts

Produce protein fibers and ground substance

Chondroblasts

Product cartilage.

Osteoblasts

Form bony matrix.

Hemocytoblasts

Form blood cells.

Dense Regular

Increased tensile strength and resist stretching.

Dense Irregular

Strength but allows for stretching in many directions.

Areolar Connective Tissue Functions:

Support, binding tissues together, holding body fluids and defending against infections.

Adipose Tissue Features

Large, empty-looking cells with thin margins (filled with fat).

Adipose Tissue Function

Energy storage, insulation, cushioning.

Hyaline

Features chondrocyte within lacunae and a few collagen, ECM has a glass-like appearance.

Elastic

Features chondrocyte within lacunae and a few collagen with more elastic fibers

Fibrocartilage

Features chondrocyte within lacunae with extensive parallel collagen fibers.

Compact Bone Function

Protection to organs and support.

Spongy Bone Function

Hematopoiesis ( blood formation) and lighten weight of bone.

Muscular Tissue Characteristics

Elongated cells that are irritable (respond to stimuli) by contracting (contractile).

Skeletal Muscle Functions

Movement, facial expression, posture, breathing, speech, swallowing and excretion.

Cardiac Muscle Function

Pumps blood.

Smooth Muscle Function

Swallowing, GI tract functions, labor contractions, control of airflow, erection of hairs and control of pupil.

Nervous Tissue Features

Large neurons with long cell processes surrounded by much smaller glial cells lacking dendrites and axons

Nervous Tissue Function

Communication and control of bodily functions.