Communist China World Civ H

Chinese Revolution

Period of political upheaval in China.

Spheres of Influence

Regions where foreign powers held exclusive rights.

Opium War

Conflict over British opium trade in China.

Taiping Rebellion

Civil war against Qing, over 20 million deaths.

Empress Cuxi

Qing ruler who seized power during turmoil.

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-foreign uprising supported by Empress Cuxi.

Northern Expedition

Military campaign against warlords and foreign influence.

Sun Yat-sen

Leader advocating for Chinese reform and nationalism.

Guomindang

Nationalist Party following Sun Yat-sen's principles.

Three Principles of the People

Nationalism, democracy, and livelihood for citizens.

Chiang Kai-shek

Leader of Nationalists after Sun Yat-sen's death.

Shanghai Massacre

Nationalists killed thousands of Communists in 1927.

Long March

Communist retreat, lost 90% of their forces.

People's Liberation Army (PLA)

Military force of the Communist Party.

Rape of Nanjing

Japanese invasion leading to mass atrocities.

Mao Zedong

Communist leader who established People's Republic of China.

New Democracy

Mao's modified capitalism and land reforms.

Collectivization

Forced unionization of farms, similar to Soviet model.

Hundred Flowers Campaign

Mao's initiative for public criticism, led to repression.

Great Leap Forward

Failed campaign for rapid industrialization and collectivization.

Cultural Revolution

Movement to eliminate old customs and ideas.

Red Army

Paramilitary group supporting Mao's Cultural Revolution.

Deng Xiaoping

Leader after Mao, initiated economic reforms.

Four Modernizations

Goals for improving industry, agriculture, technology, defense.

Tiananmen Square Incident

1989 protests for democracy, met with violent suppression.

Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution

Mao's campaign to enforce communist ideology.

Puyi

Last emperor of China, ascended at age 2.

Yuan Shikai

General who became president, sought to restore monarchy.

Nationalist government in Taiwan

Established by Nationalists after fleeing mainland.

backyard furnaces

meant to increase steel production, only made things worse as it made softer metals, not harder ones like steel

Four Olds - Eliminated in the GPCR

Culture, Customs, Ideas, Habits (CHIC)

Date China becomes Communist

October 1, 1949

Things Chiang Kai-shek did well

improved banking, roads, railroads, and education

Negative events under Chiang Kai-shek

The Great Depression, 2nd Sino-Japanese War, Rape of Nanjing, and more

banana chinese

western middle class - supporters against them said they were "Chinese on the outside and White/Western on the inside"