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Atonic
Sudden loss of postural tone
Sedative
Reduces anxiety and exerts a calming effect with little or no effect on motor or mental function
Hypnotic
P→ drowsiness & encourages the onset and maintenance of sleep (usually these effects can be produced with sedatives by increasing the dose)
Zolpidem
BZ1 selective agonists at the alpha 1 subunit, apporved for insomnia
Eszopiclone
BZ1 selective agonists at the alpha 1 subunit, approved for insomnia E
Zaleplon
BZ1 selective agonists at the alpha 1 subunit, apporved for insomnia (kale)
Flumazenil
approved for use in reversing CNS depression effects after overdose and to hasten recovery from anesthesia and diagnostic procedures
Benzodiazepone antagonist,
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to remember events occurring during the drug's actions
Tolerance
Decreased responsiveness to a drug following repeated exposure
Disulfiram
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
Ethanol
Small water soluble molecule that is rapidly absorbed from GI tract, readily crosses membranes including blood-brain barrier, 90% metabolized in the liver
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
Catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate
Methanol
Wood alcohol
Ethylene glycol
Anti-freeze
Epilepsy
Finite episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of cerebral neurons
Focal aware seizure
Minimal spread of abnormal discharge and patient remains conscious and aware (can describe the attack in detail)
Focal impaired awareness seizure
Localized onset but becomes more widespread (usually bilateral) and involves the limbic system, kost start in the temporal lobe
Generalized onset tonic-clonic seizure
Characterized by tonic rigidity of all extremities followed by a tremor 15-30 seconds later that is actually an interruption of the tonus by relaxation
Generalized onset absence seizure
Characterized by sudden onset and brief duration (10-45 seconds),
consciousness is altered and may be accompanied by mild clonic jerking of eyelids or extremities with postural tone changes and automatisms,
begin in childhood or adolescence and may occur hundreds of times a day
Nystagmus
Involuntary movement of eyeball
Hirsutism
Abnormal growth of hair on a person's face and body, especially on a woman