No Drugs Katzung Chapter 22: Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs, Chapter 23: The Alcohols and Chapter 24: Antiseizure Drugs

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22 Terms

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Atonic

Sudden loss of postural tone

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Sedative

Reduces anxiety and exerts a calming effect with little or no effect on motor or mental function

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Hypnotic

P→ drowsiness & encourages the onset and maintenance of sleep (usually these effects can be produced with sedatives by increasing the dose)

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Zolpidem

BZ1 selective agonists at the alpha 1 subunit, apporved for insomnia

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Eszopiclone

BZ1 selective agonists at the alpha 1 subunit, approved for insomnia E

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Zaleplon

BZ1 selective agonists at the alpha 1 subunit, apporved for insomnia (kale)

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Flumazenil

approved for use in reversing CNS depression effects after overdose and to hasten recovery from anesthesia and diagnostic procedures

Benzodiazepone antagonist,

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Anterograde amnesia

Inability to remember events occurring during the drug's actions

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Tolerance

Decreased responsiveness to a drug following repeated exposure

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Disulfiram

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

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Ethanol

Small water soluble molecule that is rapidly absorbed from GI tract, readily crosses membranes including blood-brain barrier, 90% metabolized in the liver

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Alcohol dehydrogenase

Catalyzes the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate

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Methanol

Wood alcohol

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Ethylene glycol

Anti-freeze

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Epilepsy

Finite episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of cerebral neurons

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Focal aware seizure

Minimal spread of abnormal discharge and patient remains conscious and aware (can describe the attack in detail)

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Focal impaired awareness seizure

Localized onset but becomes more widespread (usually bilateral) and involves the limbic system, kost start in the temporal lobe

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Generalized onset tonic-clonic seizure

Characterized by tonic rigidity of all extremities followed by a tremor 15-30 seconds later that is actually an interruption of the tonus by relaxation

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Generalized onset absence seizure

Characterized by sudden onset and brief duration (10-45 seconds),

consciousness is altered and may be accompanied by mild clonic jerking of eyelids or extremities with postural tone changes and automatisms,

begin in childhood or adolescence and may occur hundreds of times a day

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Nystagmus

Involuntary movement of eyeball

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Hirsutism

Abnormal growth of hair on a person's face and body, especially on a woman