EMS System- Astronomy

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Astronomy

39 Terms

1

orbit

the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space

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2

orbital period

the time required for a body to complete a single orbit

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3

Earth's orbit

nearly circular; range of distance from the sun: 147-152 million km; Earth is closest to the sun in January

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4

revolution

the movement of an object around another object

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5

rotation

the spinning of an object on its axis in space

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6

Earth's rotation

24 hours

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7

seasons

caused by the tilt (23.5 degrees) of Earth on its axis as it revolves around the Sun

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8

solstice

the day when Earth's rotational axis is the most toward or away from the Sun; June 20 or 21 & December 21 or 22

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9

equinox

the day when Earth's axis is not learning toward or away from the Sun; March 20 or 21 & September 22 or 23

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10

Sun's apparent motion

seems to move across sky from east to west

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11

Moon's rotation

27.3 Earth days on its axis = 1 lunar day.

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12

sidereal month

time for moon to complete one full revolution around Earth; 27.3 Earth Days

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13

synodic month

time for moon to complete a phase cycle (new moon to new moon); also called a lunation; 29.5 Earth days

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14

27.3 days and is the same time as the rotation

Moons Revoloution

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15

tidal locking

the synchronization between orbital period and period of rotation of one body (such as the Moon) orbiting another body (such as the Earth)

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16

Moon's formation

mars sized planet hits Earth (Theia)

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17

Early Locking Hypothesis

explains difference in appearance and crustal thickness of the near and far side of moon; soon after the Moon's formation

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18

maria

dark-colored, relatively flat regions of the Moon formed when ancient lava flowed up through the Moon's crust and solidified

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19

phase

lit part of the Moon or a planet that can be seen from Earth;

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20

waxing phase

occurs when more of the Moon's near side is lit each night

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21

waning phase

occurs when less of the Moon's near side is lit each night

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22
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23

new moon

phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun

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24

quarter moon

the phase where half of the Moon's near side is illuminated by the Sun

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25

gibbous moon

the phase where greater than half (but not a full moon) of the Moon's near side is illuminated by the Sun

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26

Moon's apparent motion

seems to move across sky from east to west

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27

Moon's orbital tilt

5 degrees; this is why eclipses do not occur every month

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28

Moon's orbit

counter-clockwise

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29

lunar eclipse

occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the Sun

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30

solar eclipse

occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth

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31

syzygy

the straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies (as the sun and earth and moon) in a gravitational system

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32

umbra

the darkest part of the moon's shadow

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33

penumbra

the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked

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34

tide

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

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35

spring tides

a tide just after a new or full moon

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36

neap tides

a tide just after the first or third quarters of the moon when there is the least difference between high and low water

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37

view of moon

we view the same side of the moon

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38

EMS System

Earth-Moon-Sun system

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39

orrery

a mechanical model of the EMS or solar system used to represent relative positions and motions

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