AP Human Geography Ch.9

This chapter is about agriculture and everything you need to know from Rubenstein

Percentage of farmers in developed/developing countries

3% of farmers in developed countries and 42% in developing countries.

What regions is intensive wet-rice as dominant type of agriculture

East, South, and Southeast Asia.

What is transhumance and what it encompasses

• Transhumance is a seasonal migration of livestock. 

• Mountains and lowland pasture areas.

What is the Von Thunen Model

The Von Thunen model predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market.

1st ring of Von Thunen

• Market-Oriented Gardens and Dairy Farms,

• expensive to transport and must reach market quickly or they will expire.

2nd ring of Von Thunen

• Forest

• Woodlots, lumber, timber farming. used for construction and fuel.

3rd Ring of Von Thunen

• Extensive field crops and grains.

• Various Crops and Pasture

4th Ring of Von Thunen

• Animal Grazing which requires lots of space

• Ranching and Livestock

Know the world’s leading producer of meat

• China is the leading producer of meat.

• The United States is the leading producer of Chicken.

Know what leads to desertification

Human Actions

Know the opposition of GMOs in Africa

• Health Problems: not nutritious can damage the body.

• Export problems: Europeans are strongly opposed to GMOs so they are required to be labeled.

• Dependency on the USA: They are required to buy those seeds.

Largest producer of wheat in the world

China

Know the expansion of illegal drugs

• Marijuana is widely produced in Mexico and the majority goes to the United States.

• Columbia is the number 1 exporter of cocaine

Understand the fair-trade agriculture

It provides fair wages in LDCs

Know the factors that are part of the Green Revolution

Invention of high-yield grains, especially rice, with goal of reducing hunger  

• Increased production of rice

• New varieties of wheat and corn

• Reduced famines due to crop failure 

Pesticides, herbicides, plant hyperbreading, mechanized irrigation

Know how genetic engineering has increased the productivity of modern farming

Increasing plants’ drought resistance and resistance to pests

Know the effect of industrialization and mechanization of agriculture in the U.S.

A decrease in the number of farms and an increase in the size of the farms

Know what type of activity the majority of Southeast Asia’s rice cultivation is

Primary Activity

Which type of crop is the leading export in terms of tonnage

wheat

Know how U.S. isolated farmsteads have evolved

• physical barriers preventing communal farm practices

• Isolated farms

Know how poorer countries who produce cash crops are at the mercy of purchasing ones

They have to stick to the one crop

What are some examples of luxury crops

Coffee, cocoa, tobacco

Know where Mediterranean agriculture is found around the world

• Mediterranean, California, Chile, South Africa, Australia, Developed countries 

• Countries that are near the coast

What type of climate is found in the Mitten X2

Michigan has a humid cold climate with no dry season and a cool summer

Know where the long-lot system is found when compared to the Township and Range System

• Township Range is found in the American Midwest and West while Long Lots are found in Spanish and French settled areas.

• Long-lot Survey System: Divides land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals

• Township and Range System (rectangular survey system): Based on a grid system that creates 1-square-mile sections

Know what crop has seen a drop of imports for Mexico

Corn

Know the type commodity that is closest to the market town in von Thunen’s mode

Dairy Farming

When would the Second Agricultural Revolution have happened and where

Started before and helped support the Industrial Revolution 17th and 18th century

Know what colonial farmers would make subsistence farmers in colonies grow

Cash crops and food crops

What types of population would areas of shifting cultivation have

People who practice shifting cultivation would live in small villages and grow food in the surrounding lands (Pg. 320). Low dispersed population

What happens to the workforce when a country’s economy develops

Agriculture drops

Know where most scholars believed the first Agricultural Revolution occurred

• South and Southeast Asia: Root crops, up to 14,000 years ago

• Southwest Asia (the Fertile Crescent): Seed crops, about 10,000 years ago

Know what the most likely type of plants in the earliest plant domestication was

Root Crops (onion, potato, shallots).

Know what would be an example of the primary economic activity

Primary Economic Activity - Involves those products closest to the ground such as agriculture, ranching, hunting & gathering, fishing, forestry, mining, and quarrying.

What parts of the world have the highest demand for organic foods

Australia, South America, Europe (Pg. 344). Core countries(have the ability to be picky)

Know how genetic engineering of crops has helped the productivity of farming

Drought resistant and pest resistant

What region of the world has the Green Revolution NOT helped

Sub-Saharan Africa

What has the Township and Range system led to what settlement pattern

A dispersed rural settlement pattern

Know what type of agriculture would go with traditional labor-intensive agriculture

Field terracing

FRQ: Know EVERYTHING about subsistence agriculture and shifting cultivation :)

Subsistence agriculture- farming to make enough food for yourself/your family, not made to be sold

Shifting cultivation- farming as much as possible in one area until the soil is useless, then moving to a new area and planting as much as possible there(repeats), the products made by it are meant to be sold

Shifting cultivation’s crops are made to be sold and make a profit, while crops made in subsistence agriculture are made to feed the person farming and/or their family