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This chapter is about agriculture and everything you need to know from Rubenstein
Percentage of farmers in developed/developing countries
3% of farmers in developed countries and 42% in developing countries.
What regions is intensive wet-rice as dominant type of agriculture
East, South, and Southeast Asia.
What is transhumance and what it encompasses
Transhumance is a seasonal migration of livestock.
Mountains and lowland pasture areas.
What is the Von Thunen Model
The Von Thunen model predicts humans will use land in relation to the cost of land and the cost of transporting products to market.
1st ring of Von Thunen
Market-Oriented Gardens and Dairy Farms,
expensive to transport and must reach market quickly or they will expire.
2nd ring of Von Thunen
Forest
Woodlots, lumber, timber farming. used for construction and fuel.
3rd Ring of Von Thunen
Extensive field crops and grains.
Various Crops and Pasture
4th Ring of Von Thunen
Animal Grazing which requires lots of space
Ranching and Livestock
Know the world’s leading producer of meat
China is the leading producer of meat.
The United States is the leading producer of Chicken.
Know what leads to desertification
Human Actions
Know the opposition of GMOs in Africa
Health Problems: not nutritious can damage the body.
Export problems: Europeans are strongly opposed to GMOs so they are required to be labeled.
Dependency on the USA: They are required to buy those seeds.
Largest producer of wheat in the world
China
Know the expansion of illegal drugs
Marijuana is widely produced in Mexico and the majority goes to the United States.
Columbia is the number 1 exporter of cocaine
Understand the fair-trade agriculture
It provides fair wages in LDCs
Know the factors that are part of the Green Revolution
Invention of high-yield grains, especially rice, with goal of reducing hunger
Increased production of rice
New varieties of wheat and corn
Reduced famines due to crop failure
Pesticides, herbicides, plant hyperbreading, mechanized irrigation
Know how genetic engineering has increased the productivity of modern farming
Increasing plants’ drought resistance and resistance to pests
Know the effect of industrialization and mechanization of agriculture in the U.S.
A decrease in the number of farms and an increase in the size of the farms
Know what type of activity the majority of Southeast Asia’s rice cultivation is
Primary Activity
Which type of crop is the leading export in terms of tonnage
wheat
Know how U.S. isolated farmsteads have evolved
physical barriers preventing communal farm practices
Isolated farms
Know how poorer countries who produce cash crops are at the mercy of purchasing ones
They have to stick to the one crop
What are some examples of luxury crops
Coffee, cocoa, tobacco
Know where Mediterranean agriculture is found around the world
Mediterranean, California, Chile, South Africa, Australia, Developed countries
Countries that are near the coast
What type of climate is found in the Mitten X2
Michigan has a humid cold climate with no dry season and a cool summer
Know where the long-lot system is found when compared to the Township and Range System
Township Range is found in the American Midwest and West while Long Lots are found in Spanish and French settled areas.
Long-lot Survey System: Divides land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals
Township and Range System (rectangular survey system): Based on a grid system that creates 1-square-mile sections
Know what crop has seen a drop of imports for Mexico
Corn
Know the type commodity that is closest to the market town in von Thunen’s mode
Dairy Farming
When would the Second Agricultural Revolution have happened and where
Started before and helped support the Industrial Revolution 17th and 18th century
Know what colonial farmers would make subsistence farmers in colonies grow
Cash crops and food crops
What types of population would areas of shifting cultivation have
People who practice shifting cultivation would live in small villages and grow food in the surrounding lands (Pg. 320). Low dispersed population
What happens to the workforce when a country’s economy develops
Agriculture drops
Know where most scholars believed the first Agricultural Revolution occurred
South and Southeast Asia: Root crops, up to 14,000 years ago
Southwest Asia (the Fertile Crescent): Seed crops, about 10,000 years ago
Know what the most likely type of plants in the earliest plant domestication was
Root Crops (onion, potato, shallots).
Know what would be an example of the primary economic activity
Primary Economic Activity - Involves those products closest to the ground such as agriculture, ranching, hunting & gathering, fishing, forestry, mining, and quarrying.
What parts of the world have the highest demand for organic foods
Australia, South America, Europe (Pg. 344). Core countries(have the ability to be picky)
Know how genetic engineering of crops has helped the productivity of farming
Drought resistant and pest resistant
What region of the world has the Green Revolution NOT helped
Sub-Saharan Africa
What has the Township and Range system led to what settlement pattern
A dispersed rural settlement pattern
Know what type of agriculture would go with traditional labor-intensive agriculture
Field terracing
FRQ: Know EVERYTHING about subsistence agriculture and shifting cultivation :)
Subsistence agriculture- farming to make enough food for yourself/your family, not made to be sold
Shifting cultivation- farming as much as possible in one area until the soil is useless, then moving to a new area and planting as much as possible there(repeats), the products made by it are meant to be sold
Shifting cultivation’s crops are made to be sold and make a profit, while crops made in subsistence agriculture are made to feed the person farming and/or their family
