Basic science

Matter

Anything that takes up space

Mass

Amount of matter measured in kilograms

Density

Amount of mass per volume

measured using kilograms per metre cubed

Weight

Force of gravity acting upon its mass measured by newtons

Force

Action that changes the motion of an object

measured by mass of object multiplied by acceleration

Work

Force applied to an object multiplied by the distance across to which it is applied

Energy

Ability to do work, potential and kinetic

Conduction

Direct molecular transfer of heat

Radiation

Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves

Convention

Transfer of heat due to movement of particles with a difference in temperature

Electromagnetic waves

Waves produced by a vibration in both the electric and magnetic fields

Ionising radiation

Energy strong enough to displace an electron

Binding energy

Amount of energy required to split the atom

Nuclear force

Attraction between oppositely charged particles

Keeps the electrons in orbit

Factors determining binding energy

Distance of electrons to nucleus

Amount of protons in the nucleus

Ionisation

An electron being removed from its orbit when struck with energy greater than its binding energy

X-ray production

Removal of an electron in an inner shell causing an electron in an outer shell to drop down, releasing energy