DRRR 4TH QUARTER

Disaster Risk Reduction

This refers to the systematic efforts to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks to avoid or limit the effects of hazards.

Disaster Management

This refers to the entire array of activities aimed at reducing the severity and impact of the disaster-causing event that are undertaken before, during, and after a disaster.

Disaster readiness

This refers to as the capability or ability of implementing the planned syn- and post- disaster activities.

Community-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Mangement

This engages communities not only in DRR but also in all phases of the disaster management cycle.

• Alarm phase

• Response phase

• Evacuation phase

• Assembly phase

• Head count phase

• Evaluation phase

What are the school evacuation or drill phases?

Department of National Defense

This is the agency mandated to guard against external and internal threats to national peace and security in times of peace, war, and disasters.

Office of Civil Defense

This is the implementing arm of the NDRRMC and has the primary mission of administering a comprehensive national civil defense and DRRM program.

Civil Society Organizations

These are non-state actors whose aims are neither to generate profits nor seek governing power. It also unites people to advance shared goals and intersts.

Typhoon

A severe weather disturbance characterized by strong winds and heavy rains that revolve around a central low pressure area. This is also the most powerful type of tropical cyclone that forms in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Bagyo

What is typhoon locally known as and was coined after Baguio City in Benguet Province?

Tai Fung

What word was typhoon derived from?

Big

What does “ta” mean in “Tai Fung”?

Wind

What does “fung” mean in “Tai Fung”?

• Tropical depression

• Tropical Storm

• Typhoon

• Super Typhoon

What are the types of tropical cyclones?

May and June

When is tropical cyclone activity usually at the lowest and gradually increases?

July-September

When is tropical cyclone activity greatly prevail?

August

When is tropical cyclone activity at its peak?

November

When does tropical cyclone activity level dies off?

Eye

This is the area with the lowest atmospheric pressure in the structure of a tropical cyclone.

Eye wall

This is the region immediately surrounding the tropical cyclone’s center and that reaches as high as 15 km above sea level, brings very strong winds, heavy rains, and turbulence after passing the eye.

Rain bands

These are spiraling strops of clouds in the fringes of tropical cyclone which are associated with rainfall.

Counterclockwise

Where does the winds of a tropical cyclone blow in the Northern Hemisphere?

Clockwise

Where does the winds of a tropical cyclone blow in the Southern Hemisphere?

Nine days

What is the lifespan of a tropical cyclone?

• Strong winds

• Storm Surge

• Heavy rains

What are the effects of a tropical cyclone?

PAGASA

This refers as the Philippine’s official weather bureau. It monitors storms, typhoons, and other weather disturbances in the Philippines.

Public Storm Warning Signals (PSWS)

These are tropical cyclone warnings sent by PAGASA.

Storm Surge

This is an unusual localized increase in seawater level beyond the predicted astronomical tide level, mainly due to intense winds and reduced atmospheric pressure during the passage of an intense tropical cyclone from sea to land.

Tsunami

This is a succession of water waves formed in the sea or ocean when an immense volume of water is displaced, mainly due to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and etc.

Tidal Wave

This is formed due to the unbalanced gravitational influence of celestial bodies like the Moon, Sun, and other planets.

• Storm Intensity

• Pressure Effect

• Size

• Storm forward speed

• Angle of approach to coast

• Effect of the Earth’s rotation

• Rainfall effect

• Geometry of coastal area

• Timing

What are the factors that influence the buildup of water level during a storm surge?

Storm Intensity

This states that the stronger the winds associated with a tropical cyclone, the higher the storm surge formed.

Pressure effect

This states that a lower atmospheric pressure results in a higher storm surge level.

Size

This states that a tropical cyclone with a larger diameter will form a higher surge due to the winds brought by tropical cyclones pushing on a larger surface of the oceans.

Storm forward speed

This states that a tropical cyclone travelling with a higher velocity will produce a higher surge along an open coast.

Angle of approach to coast

This states that when a tropical cyclone hits the coast perpendicularly, it will more likely form a higher storm surge since a larger part of the storm surge mound comes in contact with the coastline.

Effect of the Earth’s rotation

This states that when a tropical cyclone forms in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be observed to be largest in right-forward portion. While when a tropical cyclone formed in the Southern Hemisphere, the surge will be observed to be largest in the left-forward portion.

Rainfall effect

This states that water levels can rise quickly in estuaries because large volumes of accumulated rainwater form watersheds in higher elevation areas, encounter waters driven by a tropical cyclone.

Geometry of coastal area

This states that the height of the storm surge which reaches the shore is affected by the bathymetry of the ocean bottom.

Bathymetry

This is the appearance of the ocean or sea bottom resulting from the variation in depth in different portions.

Topography

This refers to the land configuration results from variation in elevation.

Shape of the coastline

This affects the behavior of a storm surge when a tropical cyclone hits a concave coastline.

Funneling Effect

This is the entrapment in a smaller accommodation space of water being dumped by the strong winds.

Man-made and natural local features

This is found within the coastal area that may affect the flow of water and the behavior of the storm surge.

Timing

This states that when the formation of a storm surge during a tropical cyclone coincides with a high astronomical tide, the resulting surge will be higher.

Thunderstorm

This is a violent, transient type of weather disturbance associated with thousands of meters tall cumulonimbus clouds, and which usually involves lightning and thunder, strong winds, intense rainfall, and occasionally tornadoes and hail.

1. moisture

2. unstable, rapidly rising mass of warm air

3. a strong upward current of air

What are the three requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm?

1. Developing

2. Mature

3. Dissipating

What are the three stages of a thunderstorm lifecycle?

Developing or cumulus stage

This begins with the upward growth of a cumulus cloud due to the continuous updraft and supply of moisture.

Mature stage

This is indicated by the initiation of strong downward current of air and by precipitation that produces heavy rain, frequent lightning, thunder, tropical cyclones, and hail.

Tropopause

This separates the troposphere from the stratosphere.

Final or dissipating stage

This is when the updrafts are prevented by the cool air of the dominant downdrafts in the lower portions of the cloud.

Lightning

This is the abrupt, natural, visible high-voltage electrical discharge that takes place when positive and negative charges join within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the ground.

Cloud-to-ground lightning

This is the most dangerous type of lightning. This involves negative charge from the cloud coming into contact with the positive charge on the ground below.

Thunder

This is the acoustic effect of the sudden expansion of air caused by the heat released during a lightning strike.

Lightning strike

This occurs when lightning hits an object on the ground.

Hail

This is a form of solid precipitation.

Hailstone

This is an individual piece of layered, rounded, or irregularly-shaped ice which is occasionally produced during a thunderstorm.

Hailstorm

This occurs when a thunderstorm produces hail.

Tornadoes

These are narrow, funnel- or cylindrical-shaped, and intensely-rotating columns of wind that form during powerful thunderstorms and extend from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud down the Earth’s surface.

• Twisters

• Buhawi

• Ipo-ipo

What are tornadoes referred to as (generally and locally)?

Waterspouts

This are basically the same as tornadoes, but the rotating columns of wind moves over a body of water.

Thunderstorms

What created tornadoes and waterspouts?

Get in, get down, and cover up

What phrase is the most important thing to keep in mind to survive or avoid getting hurt?

Get in

This means that if you are outdoors, you should immediately seek shelter in a sturdy house or building.

Get down

This means to go to the lowest level of the structure.

Cover up

This means to protect yourself from debris that may possibly fall or fly by and hit you.

Downburst

These are relatively small; localized sources of violently descending strong winds that travel along straight-line paths during thunderstorms.

Flash flood

This occurs especially when rain falls on a low-lying area where infiltration is low and where natural and man-made drainage channels may not have enough capacity to take in large amounts of water.

Flooding

This is the abnormal rise of water level in rivers, coastal areas, plains, and in highly urbanized centers, which may be a result of natural phenomena, human activities, or both.

Riverine

This occurs where the level of water flowing through rivers increases and goes beyond the average water.

Extreme and sustained rainfall

What is one of the cause of riverine flooding?

Estuarine and coastal flooding

This occurs when seawater encroaches upon low-lying land that is usually still above sea level.

Astronomical high tide

This is a short-term sea-level rise caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth’s waters.

Spring tides

This happens when the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon are aligned during new moon and full moon and cause water to bulge in the direction of the alignment.

Neap tides

This occurs during quarter moons and does not cause extreme tides due to the perpendicular gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun.

Urban flooding

This usually occurs in highly populated, developed areas set on relatively low-lying areas like valleys and plains.

Man-made causes

What is the main cause of urban flooding?

Catastrophic flooding

This results form the ground failure and/or major infrastructure failure.

Ground failure

This is the weakening of the rock or soil such as subsidence, liquefaction, and occurrence of landslides that may triggered by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, intense rainfall, and other natural disasters.

Flash floods

This is the rapid, short-lived, and violent arrival of a large volume of water caused by intense localized rainfall on land that occurs due to the collapse of infrastructures such as dams. These are the most deadly due to its random occurrence.

Dam

This is a barrier that holds back water and can regulate water flow rates that are constructed primarily for hydroelectric power generation.

Diversion Canals

These are artificial waterways utilized to reroute the excessive storm water to an area with lower risk or impact to flooding.

1. Dams

2. Diversion Canals

3. River and coastal defenses

What are the structures that contribute to flood control?

Artificial levees or dikes

This is a permanently fixed barrier which is constructed parallel to the channel and built to be sufficiently higher than the estimated maximum flood levels in the area.

Self-closing flood barrier

This is designed to prevent floods due to overflow of natural and artificial waterways from entering property.

Sea walls

These are constructed along coasts to protect communities from being destroyed by flooding during high ride, by a storm surge, or a tsunami.

El Nino Southern Oscillation

This is a natural climatic phenomenon characterized mainly by cyclic fluctuations of warm and cold sea surface temperatures and atmospheric pressure in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.

El Nino

This is a prolonged unusual warming of sea surface temperatures in the central equatorial Pacific and the eastern equatorial Pacific.

Christ child

What does El Nino translates to in Spanish?

The Girl

What does La Nina translates to in Spanish?

La Nina

This is caused by the strengthening of the easterly trade winds which blow more warm water toward the west and allows the upwelling of cold water in the east.

Southern Oscillation

This is a term coined by Sir Gilbert Walker for the see-saw shift he observed in atmospheric pressure between the eastern and western tropical Pacific that accompanies both El Nino and La Nina episodes in the ocean.

Southern Oscillation Index

This indicates whether an El Nino or La Nina event will take place in the Pacific Ocean, where an El Nino is indicated with a a negative indication, which a La Nina is determined with a positive indication.

Weak El Nino/La Nina

This refers to the deviation in sea surface temperature by +0.5 to +1.0C for an El Nino or -0.5 to -1.0C for a La Nina.

Moderate El Nino/La Nina

This refers to the deviation in sea surface temperature by +1.0 to +1.5C for an El Nino or -1.0 to -1.5C for a La Nina.

Strong El Nino/La Nina

This refers to the deviation in sea surface temperature by more than +1.5C for an El Nino or less than -1.5C for a La Nina.

ENSO-neutral

This is a period when neither an El Nino nor a La Nina occurs that usually occur during the transition between an El Nino and a La Nina.

Fire

This has been used for thousand of years by early humans for survival and was considered by the ancient Greeks as a major elements such as earth, water, and air.

Oxidation

This involves the combination of oxygen and another substance.