Anatomy and Phisiology

epidermis

non-vascular, 5 layers, dead cells, outer layer

dermis

highly vascular, finger prints, capillaries, oil glands, hair follicles

hypodermis

adipose tissue, insulating, regulate body temp

melanin

decides skin darkness, released due to UV radiation

carotene

in carrots, yellow orange, stratum corneum, fatty area of dermis

hemoglobin

pinkish tone, transport O2 and CO2

1st degree burn

sunburn

2nd degree burn

blisters

3rd degree burn

destroyed nerve endings, regen not possible

long bone

humerus

short bone

carpals

flat bone

skull

irregular bone

vertabrae +pelvis

smooth muscle

involentary, lines body cavities

cardiac muscle

involentary, only in heart

ATP

provide energy to myosin

calcium

essentail trigger

actin

thin fillament

myosin

pulls actin toward m-line

central nervous system

brain + spinal cord

peripheral nervous system

nerves of the body

fight or flight

bodies automotive response system

homeostasis

tendency of the body to maintain a stable balanced, internal environment “sameness”

3 types of neurons

sensory, association, motor

cerebral hemisphere

brain left and right half

brain stem

breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

cerebellum

movement, balance, posture, muscle tone

diencephalem

emotion, memory, hormone release

rods eye

photoceptors dim light

cones eye

photoceptors color vision

lens

focused light when it enters the eye

iris

pigment of eye, regulates amount of light entering

retina

layers of eye that holds millions of photoceptors

optic nerve

nerve that connects eye to brain

viteous humor

clear fluid that of posterior lens

adrenals

produce epinephine and no repiphine

pancreas

produce insulin + glucose, endocrine + development

overies

estrogens, secondary, secondary sex, charictistics, prepare body for child birth

testes

testosterone, sperm formation + development

pineal

secrets melatonin

blood components

plasma, formed elements

red blood cells

transport O2 and CO2

white blood calls

protect immunity

platelets

clotting

atria

receiving chambers

ventricles

pumping chambers

tricuspid

prevent backflow

pulmonary arteries

carries deoxygenated blood to lungs from heart

pulmonary veins

carries oxygenated blood to heart from lungs

aorta

takes oxygenated blood to body tissues

superia vena cava

return blood to heart from upper body

inferior vena cava

return blood to heart from lower body

symptoms of inflation

redness, swelling, increased blood flow, WBC eats up pathogens, histamines signal

antibodies

abilities to deactivate foreign antigens

killer T cells

kill virus infected cells

macrophages

clean up crew

alveoli

airsacs, gases + blood exchanges

trachea

wind pipe, C shaped rings

bronchioles

transport gas + blood

lungs

take in O2 + take out CO2

internal respiration

gas exchange between blood + tissues

external respiration

gas exchange between alveoli + blood

salivary glands

produce saliva, break down starches

esophagus

moves food to stomach

stomach

chemically breaks down protein

small intestine

food absorption + chemical digest

large intestine

dry + indigestible food, absorb water

liver

producing bile, bile emulsifies fat so can be digested

gall blader

stores and concentrates bile by removing water

type A blood

can have A and O blood

type B blood

can have B and O blood

type AB blood

can have A, B, AB, and O blood

type O blood

can only have O blood