Chapter 38 Key terms and review questions

Affect

emotional tone

Antagonist

a character or force that opposes the protagonist, creating conflict in a narrative

Exophthalmos

eyes that bulge

Gluconeogenesis

in the liver and increases lipolysis and protein catabolism for energy production

Negative Feedback

a system's response that counteracts changes to maintain stability

Postive Feedback

when someone acknowledges and praises specific actions or behaviors, often aiming to reinforce them and promote continued success

The nurse is reviewing information with a patient about the normal anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system. Which factor is inaccurate?

All endocrine glands function independently of each other

The nurse is researching information for a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The nurse wants to present the responses by hormones other than insulin. Which information does the nurse avoid?

GH and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) are secreted to maintain blood glucose levels and metabolism rates are normal.

An older adult patient is experiencing a reduction in energy. Which comment by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Aging causes the basal metabolic rate to change, and it's often normal to have less energy."

After reviewing the patient's medical record, the nurse plans to perform a physical examination. Which finding will change the usual process of physical examination?

The patient has elevated thyroid hormones.

The HCP prescribes a 24-hour urine specimen for cortisol. The patient is incontinent. Which method will the nurse use to collect the specimen?

Obtain an order for an indwelling catheter for the duration of the test.

The nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with posterior pituitary tumor resulting in over secretion of hormones. Which manifestation of this disorder will the nurse expect?

Notable increase in blood pressure

The nurse is providing care for a patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which information will the nurse give the patient about the response of the pancreas to hypoglycemia?

Pancreatic alpha cells are stimulated to release glucagon.

The nurse is assisting with care to a patient who underwent surgery for removal of the thyroid gland. Which symptom contradicts a possible complication of the surgery?

Hyperactive bowel sounds

The licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) is assisting with the physical examination of a patient in the HCP's office. Which physical examination does the LPN/LVN perform?

Observe for abnormal physical characteristics.

A client is identified with a thyroid disorder resulting in hormone deficiency. The HCP prescribes a stimulation test. Which process does the nurse expect for the test?

A substance will be injected into the patient.

A patient is diagnosed with adrenal gland dysfunction and is scheduled for a 24-hour urine test. Which action by the nurse in regard to the test is incorrect?

The first-morning urine sample is retained for testing.

The nurse is preparing a patient to undergo a suppression test to verify adrenal cortex dysfunction. Which reply will the nurse make when the client asks about the expected test procedure?

"You will be injected with a steroid hormone that should suppress cortisol release."

The nurse is preparing a patient for a thyroid scan to rule out thyroid cancer. Which instruction does the nurse give the patient prior to the testing?

Use the bathroom before the scanning part of the test is performed.

The nurse receives information that an assigned patient is scheduled for an ultrasound of an endocrine gland. Which instruction does the nurse give the patient?

Wear clothing with an elastic waistband.

A patient has returned to the unit after a needle biopsy of the thyroid gland to rule out cancer. Which observation is expected by the nurse following the procedure?

Pain level of 2 on a 0-to-10 scale

The nurse is aware that a 12-year-old male client is at the fifth percentile on the growth chart for height. Which medical intervention does the nurse expect the HCP to prescribe?

Administration of GH therapy for added height

The nurse is aware that the pancreas is the only gland that is both endocrine and exocrine. Which secretion is related to the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Insulin

The nurse is aware that the adrenal cortex secretes a variety of hormones. Which is an incorrect function of glucocorticoids?

In females, they counterbalance estrogen effects.

A patient is prescribed a dose of epinephrine. Which effects does the nurse expect the patient to exhibit after receiving this medication? (Select all that apply.)

• Decreases peristalsis

• Increases heart rate and force of contraction

• Stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose

• Stimulates vasoconstriction in skin and most viscera

A patient is experiencing an increased level of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). What should the nurse consider is occurring with this patient? (Select all that apply.)

• Body stressed

• Presence of an injury

• Low blood glucose level

While collecting data, the nurse suspects that a patient is experiencing Cushing syndrome. Which findings does the nurse use to come to this conclusion? (Select all that apply.)

• Mood swings

• Buffalo hump

• Water weight gain

• Round "moon" face

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Which two hormones work in opposition to regulate the blood glucose level?

Insulin and glucagon

Which hormone increases the rate of cell division?

Growth hormone

Which hormone lowers the blood glucose level by enabling cells to take in glucose?

Insulin

Which hormone increases calcium absorption by the kidneys?

Parathyroid hormone

Which two hormones cause the liver to convert glycogen to glucose?

Glucagon and epinephrine

Which explanation correctly describes a negative feedback mechanism for the secretion of a hormone?

The effect of the hormone reverses the initial stimulus.

The hormones of the anterior pituitary gland are secreted in response to releasing hormones from which structure?

Hypothalamus

A 62-year-old woman is being seen for a routine physical exam and states, "I've really slowed down this year; I'm feeling my age." Which of the following comments by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Aging causes the basal metabolic rate to change, and it's often normal to have less energy, but you should still mention it to the doctor."

Which endocrine gland is palpable?

Thyroid

A physician is palpating a patient's thyroid gland. How can the nurse assist with this procedure?

Give the patient a sip of water.

The nurse should never palpate the thyroid gland of a patient with which disorder?

Hyperthyroidism

A patient is having a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test. After injection of TRH, what response would the nurse expect in a patient with normal thyroid function?

Elevated T3 and T4

The nurse is assessing a patient with a thyroid disorder. What question by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Has your weight changed?"

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are produced by which gland?

Hypothalamus

What stimulates the release of calcitonin from the thyroid gland?

Hypercalcemia