CMSD 4170 Exam 1 Key Terms

communicative competence

knowledge and implicit awareness to communicate effectively through language

communicative performance

an individual's ability to produce language

register

the variety of speech that is appropriate for a particular situation

joint attention

when the infant and the caregiver are both focusing on the same thing at the same time

phonological processes

normal phonological deviations that young children make in producing specific sounds and words

phonotactics

the combination of sounds that are acceptable in a child's native language

intentional communication

when a message is conveyed from the sender to the receiver with a goal of getting to receiver to do something, know something, etc.

jargon

combinations of consonants and vowels that a child uses as a word but does not resemble the adult form of the word

lexicon

an individual's vocabulary of a language, contains aspects of form, content, and use for every word the person knows

overextension

when a child uses a word to refer to more things than the word actually does

mean length of utterance

the average number of morphemes in a sentence unit (utterance)

underextension

when a child uses a word to refer to fewer things than the word really does

vocabulary spurt

a significant increase in the rate of vocabulary acquisition

oral language

receptive and expressive language abilities

alphabet knowledge

a child's knowledge of the letters of the alphabet

phonological awareness

understanding of and sensitivity to the sound units of oral language

print awareness

a child's understanding of the form and functions of written language

literate language

a child's written language abilities; reading and writing

cultural competence

ability to interpret behavior correctly and behave correctly in another culture

cultural relativism

the belief that other culture's way of doing things is different, but equally valid

cultural tendencies

patterns of behavior that are commonly observed among members of a specific culture

ethnocentrism

the belief that member's of one's own culture do things the correct way

stereotype

fixed, oversimplified image of members of a community

code switching

using different linguistic styles/registers for different situations

african american english

AAVE- the dialect of american english spoken by members of the african american community

dynamic assessment

assessment over time

teach -> test -> reteach -> retest

english language learners

ELL- individuals that are learning english as a second language

errors of transfer

errors in L2 are caused by influence of L1

information processing

ability to retain information and repeat it back, often used as a measure of whether someone has a cognitive disability or a language impairment

language loss

reduction of skills in L1 when learning L2

sequential bilingual acquisition

L1 is acquired from birth and L2 is learned later

silent period

little or no talking in either language when first exposed to L2

simultaneous bilingual acquisition

L1 and L2 are both acquired from birth

evidence-based practice

the process by which a clinician integrates scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and client perspective to arrive at the best plan of action for a particular client

assessment

the systematic process of gathering info about an individual's background, history, skills, knowledge, perceptions, and feelings

chart review

if in a medical setting, looking over the patient's chart as a means for gathering more information about the patient's case history

criterion-referenced test

a test used to determine an individual's level of achievement in a particular area, as compared to the standard of performance

mean

average

multidisciplinary process

in many cases, client's will require services from more than one type of professional; when more than one type of therapist (SLP, PT, OT, etc.) engages in assessment or intervention at the same time

raw score

the number of items an individual gets correct on an assessment

referral

when a professional's help is formally requested

screening

test or task used to conduct a quick check of an individual's performance

normal curve

bell curve

mean=100, SD=15

normative sample

the population that is used to determine the standard scores for a norm-referenced test

norm-referenced test

a test that compares an individual's performance with their peer's performance on that test

percentile rank

the percent of test takers that scored below an individual

differential diagnosis

a way to systematically determine a disorder from others that present with similar symptoms

learning potential

an estimate of what an individual could be expected to achieve or learn over time

intervention

implementation of a plan of action to improve one or more aspects of an individual's communicative abilities

preventative intervention

prevents a disorder from occurring

remediation intervention

slow progress or reverse the course of a disorder

compensatory intervention

teaches skills to cope with the symptoms of the disorder

intervention goal

intervention procedure

co-teaching/parallel instruction

intervention consultation

linguistic-cognitive approach

psychological plane

pull-out/direct service

behaviorist approach

social plane

social-interactionist approach

scaffolding