Block #2 - All Muscles

rectus abdominis

O: pubic bone

I: lower ribs

A: flexes trunk

intercostal n.

external oblique

O: lower ribs

I: linea alba, pubic bone, anterior iliac crest

A: unilateral: flexion of trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side; bilateral: flexion of trunk

intercostal n.

internal oblique

O: anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

I: linea alba, lower ribs

A: unilateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to same side; bilateral: flexion of trunk

intercostal n.

transversus abdominis

O: lower ribs, anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia

I: linea alba, pubic bone

A: rotation of trunk to the same side

intercostal n

psoas major

O: lateral lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

I: lesser trochanter of femur

A: flexion @ hip joint

anterior lumbar rami (L1-L3)

iliacus

O: iliac fossa

I: lesser trochanter of femur

A: flexion @ hip joint

femoral n.

external spermatic fascia is made of what muscle

external obliques and aponeuroses

cremaster muscle is made of what muscle

internal obliques and aponeuroses

internal spermatic fascia is made of what muscle

transversalis fascia

rectus femoris

O: anterior inferior iliac spine

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon/patellar ligament

A: flexion @ hip, extension @ knee

femoral n.

vastus lateralis

O: femur (greater trochanter)

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon/patellar ligament

A: extension @ knee

femoral n.

vastus intermedius

O: anterior femur

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon/patellar ligament

A: extension @ knee

femoral n.

vastus medialis

O: anterior femur

I: tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon/patellar ligament

A: extension @ knee

femoral n.

what is the main action of all of the quadriceps muscles? what is the only muscle that performs flexion of the hip?

extension @ knee; rectus femoris

what nerve innervates all of the quadriceps muscles

femoral n.

sartorius

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: pes anserinus

A: flexion and external rotation @ hip, flexion and internal rotation @ knee

femoral n.

tensor fascia latae

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: iliotibial tract/IT band

A: abduction, flexion, and internal rotation @ hip

superior gluteal n.

pectineus

O: superior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera of femur

A: adduction, flexion, and external rotation @ hip

obturator n. AND femoral n.

adductor longus

O: superior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera

A: adduction, flexion, and external rotation @ hip

obturator n.

adductor brevis

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera

A: adduction, flexion, external rotation @ hip

obturator n.

adductor magnus

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: linea aspera AND adductor tubercle (adductor hiatus)

A: adduction, flexion, extension @ hip

obturator n.

gracilis

O: inferior pubic ramus

I: pes anserinus

A: adduction and flexion @ hip, flexion and internal rotation @ knee

obturator n.

gluteus maximus

O: sacrum and ilium and sacrotuberous ligament

I: iliotibial tract/IT band

A: extension and external rotation @ hip

inferior gluteal n.

gluteus medius

O: ilium

I: greater trochanter

A: abduction @ hip

superior gluteal n.

gluteus minimus

O: ilium

I: greater trochanter

A: abduction @ hip

superior gluteal n.

piriformis

O: sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

I: greater trochanter

A: abduction, external rotation, extension @ hip

sacral plexus

superior gemellus

O: ischial spine

I: greater trochanter

A: abduction, external rotation, extension @ hip

sacral plexus

inferior gemellus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: greater trochanter

A: abduction, external rotation, extension @ hip

sacral plexus

quadratus femoris

O: ischial tuberosity

I: intertrochanteric crest of femur

A: external rotation

sacral plexus

biceps femoris

O: long head → ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberus ligament, short head → linea aspera

I: head of fibula

A: extension @hip (only long head), flexion and external rotation @ knee

long head → tibial n.

short head → common fibular n.

semitendinosus

O: ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

I: pes anserinus

A: extension @ hip, flexion and internal rotation @ knee

tibial n.

where do all of the hamstrings originate

ischial tuberosity

semimembranosus

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

A: extension @ hip, flexion and internal rotation @ knee

tibial n.

all hamstrings besides biceps femoris short head are innervated by what nerve?

tibial n.

tibialis anterior

O: tibia and interosseous membrane

I: 1st metatarsal

A: dorsiflexion @ talocrural joint, inversion @ subtalar

deep fibular n.

extensor hallucis longus

O: fibula and interosseous membrane

I: distal phalanx 1st toes

A: extension of MTP and IP joint of 1st toe, dorsiflexion @ talocrural joint, inversion and eversion @ subtalar

deep fibular n.

extensor digitorum longus

O: tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

I: distal phalance of toes 2-5

A: extension of MTP and IP joints of toes 2-5, dorsiflexion @ talocrural, eversion @ subtalar

deep fibular n.

fibularis tertius

O: fibula

I: 5th metatarsal

A: dorsiflexion @ talocrural, eversion @ subtalar

deep fibular n.

fibularis longus

O: fibula

I: medial tarsal (cuneiform) and 1st metatarsal

A: plantar flexion @ talocrural, eversion @ subtalar

superficial fibular n.

fibularis brevis

O: fibula

I: 5th metatarsal

A: plantar flexion @ talocrural, eversion @ subtalar

superficial fibular n.

gastrocnemius

O: medial head → medial condyle of femur, lateral head → lateral condyle of femur

I: calcaneal tuberosity via the calcaneal tendon

A: plantar flexion @ talocrural, flexion @ knee

tibial n.

what nerve are all muscles on the posterior leg innervated by?

tibial n.

soleus

O: tibia and fibula

I: calcaneal tuberosity via the calcaneal tendon

A: plantar flexion @ talocrural

tibial n.

plantaris

O: lateral condyle of femur

I: calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon

A: may assist with plantar flexion

tibial n.

popliteus

O: lateral condyle of femur

I: posterior tibia

A: unlocks knee/flexion @ knee

tibial n.

HAIL TO DETROIT

• flexor hallucis longus

• tibialis posterior

• flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

O: fibula

I: distal phalanx of toe 1

A: flexion of MTP and IP joint of toe 1, plantar flexion @ talocrural joint, inversion @ subtalar

tibial n.

tibialis posterior

O: fibula, tibia, and interosseous membrane

I: tarsals and metatarsals 2-4

A: plantar flexion @ talocrural joint, inversion @ subtalar joint

tibial n.

flexor digitorum longus

O: tibia

I: distal phalanx of toes 2-5

A: flexion at MTP and IP joints of toes 2-5, plantar flexion @ talocrural, inversion @ subtalar

tibial n.

hail to detroit muscles help with inversion or eversion

• flexor hallucis longus

• tibialis posterior

• flexor digitorum longus

INVERSION, they help the tibialis anterior with INVERSION

extensor hallucis brevis

O: calcaneus

I: 1st toe

A: extension of MTP and IP

deep fibular n.

extensor digitorum brevis

O: calcaneus

I: toes 2-4

A: extension of MTP and IP of toes 2-4

deep fibular n.

extensor hallucis brevis

O: calcaneous

I: 1st toe

A: extension of MTP and IP of 1st toe

deep fibular n.

first layer of plantar surface

plantar aponeurosis

abductor hallucis

flexor digitorum brevis

abductor digiti minimi

second layer of plantar surface

2 tendons, two muscles

• flexor digitorum longus tendon

• flexor hallucis longus tendon

• quadratus plantae

• lumbricals (1-4)

third layer of plantar surface

• flexor hallucis brevis (medial and lateral head)

• adductor hallucis

• flexor digiti minimi brevis

fourth layer of plantar surface

plantar interossei (1-3)

dorsal interossei (1-4)

abductor hallucis

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: proximal phalanx 1st toe

A: abduct and flex toe 1

medial plantar n.

flexor digitorum brevis

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: phalanx toes 2-5

A: flexion of MTP and IP joints of toes 2-5

medial plantar n.

abductor digiti minimi

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: proximal phalanx of toe 5 and metatarsal 5

A: abduction and flexion of toe 5

lateral plantar n.

quadratus plantae

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: flexor digitorum longus tendon

A: assists in flexion

lateral plantar n.

lumbricals (1-4)

O: flexor digitorum longus tendon

I: toes 2-5

A: flexion and adduction @ MTP, extension @ IP for toes 2-5

1st lumbrical → medial plantar n. 2-4 lumbricals → lateral plantar n.

flexor hallucis brevis

O: lateral tarsals (cuboid, lateral cuneiform)

I: proximal phalanx of toe 1

A: flexion @ MTP of toe 1

medial head → medial plantar n., lateral head → lateral plantar n.

adductor hallucis

O: oblique head → lateral tarsals (cuboid and lateral cuneiform) and metatarsals 2-4, transverse head → metatarsal 3-5

I: proximal phalanx of toe 1

A: adduction and flexion @ MTP of toe 1

lateral plantar n.

flexor digit minimi brevis

O: 5th metatarsal

I: proximal phalanx of toe 5

A: flexion @ MTP joint of toe 5

lateral plantar n.