Learn: A&P Chapter 1 Practice Test

what is the role of the effector in homeostatic regulation?

to respond to the output of the control center

in descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the neck is the?

cervicis

in which quadrant (of the body/ thorax) would you find the liver?

right upper quadrant

anatomy is the study of _______, and physiology is the study of _____.

structure; function

systemic anatomy considers the structure of major ____, whereas surface anatomy refers to the study of ____.

organ systems; superficial markings

what is the name of the serous membrane that covers the surface of the heart?

visceral pericardium

the specialized study that analyzes the structure of indivigual cells is called ____.

cytology

what is the scientist who studies effects of diseases on organs or system functions is called?

pathophysiologist

what are the smallest living units in the body?

cells

the level of organization that reflects the interactions between organ systems is the _____.

organism

what are the two regulatory systems in the human body?

nervous and endocrine systems

what does homeostasis refer to?

the existence of a stable internal environment

the mechanism by which a stimulus outside normal limits triggers a response that opposes or negates the stimulus is called ___?

negative feedback

the mechanism by which the initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates the stimulus is most specifically called ____.

positive feedback

when a person is lying face up in anatomical position, the indivigual is said to be?

supine

moving along the surface of the skin form the wrist toward the elbow is an example of moving in a ______ direction?

proximal

what is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

all specific functions are performed by specific structures

what happens when you make a sagittal section?

results in separation of right and left portions of the body

a plan that is cut parallel to the midsagittal plane is a ____?

parasagittal section

the two subdivsionsof the ventral body cavity are the ______.

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

the subdivisions of the thoracic body cavity are the _____.

pleural and pericardial cavities

the heart and the lungs are located in the _____ cavity?

thoracic

the ventral body cavity is divided by a flat muscular sheet called the _____?

diaphragm

which of the following is the term for the study of disease?

pathology

what is the term for the homeostatic regulation mechanism in which a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system adjusts its activities without input from the nervous or endocrine system in repsonse to an environment change?

auto regulation

the state in which opposing processes or forces are in balance is called _____.

equilibrium

beginning with chemicals and proceeding through increasing levels of complexity, the correct sequence is _______.

chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

damage at the cellular, tissue, or organ level often affects the entire sstem. this supports the view that _____.

each level is dependent on the others

a person in anatomical position is standing erect, feet facing forward and _______.

arms hanging to sides, with palms of hands facing forward and with the thumbs to the outside

which of the choices contains the sequence of anatomical directions equivalent to ventral, posterior, superior, inferior?

anterior, dorsal, cephalic, caudal

the thoracic cavity is ____ to the abdominopelvic cavity.

superior

the skin is _____ to the muscles.

superficial

from the organ systems listed below, select the correct sequenc eof organs found in each of the systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary)

heart, liver, pituitary gland, kidneys, skin

in a homeostatic system, the mechanism that is represented by the example of blood clotting is ______.

positive feedback

the heart is ____ to the arms.

medial

if the temp of the body climbs above 37 degrees Celsius, negative feeback is triggered by _____.

increased heat loss through enhanced blood flow to the skin and sweating

the term medial surface refers to the area ____.

close to the long axis of the body

histology is the study of _____.

tissues

which organ system contains bones, ligaments, cartilage, and bone marrow?

skeletal system

which region of the body is known as the femoral region?

thigh

in complex organisms such as human beings, cels unit to form _____.

tissues

in descriptions of the superficial anatomy of the human body, the arm is the _______.

brachium

the organ system responsible for internal distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide is the?

cardiovascular system

the anatomical term for the calf is?

sura or sural

the spinal cord is ____ to the esophagus?

posterior

heat production is a major funcito of the __- system?

muscular

the knee is proximal to the?

foot

what is the common name for the ante brachium?

forearm

in which body cavity are the female reproductive organs located?

pelvic cavity

the stomach is located in the ____ cavity?

abdominal