Chapters 1.1-1.3 test

What is the Sui dynasty (589-618)?

The dynasty that ended the period of chaos after the fall of the Qin-Han (early 200’s). This chaos if often referred as the Era of Division. 

What led to the fall of the Sui empire?

The Sui Dynasty spent a lot of money on projects such as the Grand Canal. These projects led to heavy taxation and forced labor of peasants, which had caused political unrest and discontent.

Why was the Grand Canal constructed? (Sui dynasty)

The Grand Canal was constructed to be a source of transportation, trade, and communication.

Due to the canal, China became the most populous trading area in the world.

The Yangtze river area was becoming the main food producing region of China. It brought food from Southern China to Northern China.

What ideology led to the rapid revival of the Tang dynasty?

The rebuilding of the imperial bureaucracy using Confucian ideology.

Confucian Scholar Gentry high ranking socially

What ministry was responsible for the administration of the examination system? (Tang dynasty)

During the Tang Dynasty, the Ministry of Rites (imperial government) would administer the civil service examination to candidates for Civil Service jobs.

What impact did repression of Buddhism have on the Tang empire?

Buddhism survived the repression but in a reduced state without political influence of the early years of the Tang empire.

Confucianism emerged as the central ideology.

Neo-Confucianism- blend of Confucianism and Daoism

Daoists and Confucians did not like that a foreign religion would be popular in the dynasty, so they would close monasteries and seize land. This had caused Confucianism and Daoism to become more popular throughout China.

Which Tang ruler attempted to have Buddhism recognized as a state religion?

Empress Wu tried to make Buddhism more popular in China, but her efforts were ultimately unsuccessful.

Who was the outstanding poet of the Tang dynasty?

Li Bo

How did Confucian intellectuals express their interest in nature?

They expressed their interest in nature through paintings and literature such as landscape paintings.

What was vital for trade and travel?

The Silk Road

Describe urbanization during the Tang-Song era.

There was an increase in cities and towns during the Tang-Song era, resulting in a higher population living in cities compared to rural areas.

Hangzhou was a vital trading city because it was accessible to the Grand Canal. Many foreign merchants were able to trade there as well.

Which empire had a larger extent of territory: the Tang or the Song?

The Tang empire

What is the impact of foot binding on women’s independence?

It crippled women and confined them to their homes.

It also caused a  restriction of movement.  Confucian hierarchy and patriarchal society enforced with foot binding. (Especially among aristocrats)

What was the group that conquered the Song in 1279?

The Mongols

Identify and analyze one continuity in the methods of political control and governing between one Classical and one post-Classical Era dynasty

Ruled by an Emperor- Dynastic rule

Civil Service exams based on Confucianism

Filial piety was a significant method of political control in China. Filial piety emphasized that those with a subordinate role should put their desires behind those with a superior and authoritative role, such as the male head of a family and rulers. 

What production increased during the Tang-Song time period and why?

Food production increased due to the introduction of Champa rice Vietnam. This led to the stimulation of agriculture and showed Chinese influence in Asia.

Other achievements and innovations of the Tang-Song time period:

Gunpowder and movable type

What is one of the world’s first novels depicting life in the imperial court at Heian?

The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki

What influences will China have on other empires of East Asia?

China will bring influences such as Chinese art, politics, literature, writing system, architecture, and dress, Buddhism, and printing to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. 

Confucian influences – Especially Japan- Societal influences – Same social hierarchy. (Patriarchal Society)

Who are the samurai?

The samurai were warriors in Japan that were loyal to the Daimyo, who were vassal lords in Japan. Only samurai could serve in the army or hold government jobs.

Shoguns: actual military rulers. Feudalism in Japan was a decentralized system.

Who are the European equivalents to Samurai during this time period?

Knights

What is significant about Korea in regards to China and Japan?

Korea serves as a cultural bridge between China and Japan

What was the affect of Confucian principles on Japan?

Confucian principles affected societal relations in Japan.

Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from 
1200-1450 in Dar-al Islam. 

The Islamic religion affected beliefs and practices during this time period influencing the laws of some empires as well as the social hierarchy in society.

Muslims tolerated other Abrahamic religions, leading to peace in the area. This enabled the Abrahamic religions to influence each other. Islam also encouraged education and learning. Because of this, many Muslims studied works from other cultures and places. Furthermore, merchants were held at a higher social status. These merchants would spread Islam with them. Slaves could convert to Islam to be free, and women were given a higher social status. 

Where do Muslims worship?

They worship in mosques while praying towards Mecca. They look different depending on where they are and who built them. In China, the Muslim communities adopted local architectural styles.

Muslim decor that is found in mosques are not pictures/paintings. They are inscriptions of the Quran.

Muslims also have to make a trip to the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. They also have to pray 5 times daily

Explain the effects of intellectual innovations in Dar-al-Islam.  What are some of the accomplishments of the Golden Age of Islam?

Muslim empires encouraged learning and intellectualism. Advancements were made in math (including algebra), medicine, and literature, such as the creation of trigonometry and medical exams for licenses. 

How does Islam differ from Buddhism?  How does Islam differ from Hinduism?

Islam differs from Buddhism and Hinduism because it is monotheistic, not polytheistic.

Additionally, while statues and pictures that represent religious figures are allowed in Buddhism and Hinduism, Islam prohibits statues and pictures of people, especially religious figures such as Allah and Muhammad.

Islam also teaches that everyone is created equal, while Hinduism is associated with a caste system.

Furthermore, Islam does not believe in reincarnation. 

Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time.

South Asia – Hinduism had a great effect on culture and politics. Hinduism had influenced the caste system in India, which determined a person’s role and status in society. The Bhakti Movement was created by Hindus in southern India, which was very appealing to converts since it did not discriminate against people of low status and women. 

Southeast Asia – Buddhism and Islam had an effect on society. Buddhism had a significant presence in Asia, especially in the Sinhala dynasties.

Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and changed over time.

South Asia: Hinduism had a great effect on culture and politics

Southeast Asia: Buddhism and Islam had an effect on society. 

South Asia had a large impact on Southeast Asia.

Various states of South and Southeast Asia were influenced by religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam. They were also influenced by their access to sea routes.

Furthermore, whoever was in control of Southwest Asia could impact trade between South Asia and East Asia.

Innovation, development, and learning also influenced many states of South and Southeast Asia. 

Buddhism was so significant to life and society in the Sinhala dynasties that Sri Lanka became a center of Buddhist study.

The Khmer Empire had complex irrigation and drainage systems.