The Internet and WWW

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the internet

a global network that connects computers and computer networks

internetworking

the linking of computer networks

Internet Protocol (IP)

the communication system governing the global network of the internet, the main protocol that computers use to talk to each other

IP address

provides an identity to a device

function of IP addresses

a layer of protection, security, and greater reliability that allows devices to communicate with each other without human input

internet of things

a network of interconnected devices that talk to each other over the Internet

big data

a set of structures of unstructured data too arge to manage and manipulate with traditional software or tools

types of big data

video, images, text pages, GPS coordinates, etc

world wide web

a collection of webpages that can be accessed by the internet, invented by Tim Berners-Lee

web browser

uses the internet to access the world wide web

way www works

provides access to webpages linked together using hyperlinks

webpage

documents which may contain text or other media, stored on a web server, has a unique address known as a Uniform Resource Locator

web server

a computer specifically designed for hosting websites that is connected to the Internet and stores all the pages and supporting fules for the website

what does http stand for

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

http

governs communication between a webserver and a client

what does https stand for

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

https

includes secure encryption to allow transactions to be made over the internet

what does a url contain

http(s), domain name, area within website, webpage name

what does html stand for

hypertext markup language

client-server model

the relationship between two computers, the client and the server

client

requests the data to be sent, dependent of the server to provide and manage the information

server

recieves the request and provides the resources to the client

protocol

a set of rules that governs transmission of data

layers of clinet-server model

application --> transport --> network --> data link

application layer

represents the protocols and services that directly interact with the applications or end-user processes, enables communication betweem software and applications running on different devices

examples of application layer

http, smtp(simple mail transfer protocol), ftp(file transfer protocol, dns(domain name system)

transport layer

breaks down the message into small pieces called packets that are each given a packet number and the total number of packets. this information is used to assemble the packets in the correct order and see if there are any missing packets

network layer

responsible for addressing, routing, and fragmenting data packets across different networks and uses the IP as its main protocol

data link layer

also called the network interface layer, deals with the physical transmission of data over the local network or a specific link, encompasses protocols specific to the network medium being used, and is responsible for the reliable delivery of data frames between directly connected nodes, addressing within the local network, and error detection and correction

what does tcp stand for

Transmission Control Protocol

data link layer protocol examples

ethernet, wi-fi, PPP(point to-point protocol)

tcp

operates at the transport layer and breaks up dat ainto packets and then keeps track of them, ensuring that they arrive at the client error free

IP

operates at the network layer, is involved in the creation of packets, supplies each with details of the clinet's IP address and the server's IP address, and hangles how the packets are routed to their destination

information in packets

source, destination, packet sequence, data, error check

wi-fi

uses radio wave technology to transport data wirelessly