Ford Pre-IB History 10 - GA through Constitution

Great Awakening

A series of revivals in the colonies in the 1740s that brought about a more emotional response to religion and emphasized the importance of Christianity.

Clergy

Religious leaders who were concerned about the decline in conversions and the strictness of religious practices during the Great Awakening.

Jonathon Edwards

A key leader during the Great Awakening who delivered the famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" and had a high conversion rate.

George Whitefield

Another key leader during the Great Awakening who was known for his ability to attract large crowds with his preaching.

Old Lights vs

The division between traditional clergy (Old Lights) and the newer, more emotional preachers (New Lights) during the Great Awakening.

Enlightenment

A period of intellectual and philosophical movement that emphasized logic, reason, and individual thinking, and influenced the ideas of government and the American Revolution.

John Locke

A prominent Enlightenment thinker whose ideas on government, including the right to revolt and power from the people, heavily influenced the American Revolution.

Seven Years War

A war fought between Great Britain and France from 1754 to 1763, also known as the French and Indian War, which resulted in Great Britain gaining control of the Ohio River Valley.

Proclamation of 1763

A proclamation issued by the British government that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains in order to appease Native Americans.

Sugar Act

A tax on sugar implemented by Great Britain in 1764, which led to increased smuggling and unfair trials in vice admiralty courts.

Stamp Act

An act passed by Great Britain in 1765 that imposed a tax on paper products, leading to widespread protests and resistance in the colonies.

Sons of Liberty

A group of colonists who organized protests against British taxation and other acts, advocating for representation and protesting against unfair acts.

Boston Massacre

A conflict that occurred in Boston in 1770, where British soldiers fired on a group of colonists, resulting in public outrage and increased anti-British sentiment.

Tea Act

An act passed by Great Britain in 1773 that imposed a tax on tea and led to the Boston Tea Party.

Coercive Acts

A series of acts passed by Great Britain in 1774 to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party, including the closure of the Boston port and increased quartering of soldiers.

First Continental Congress

A meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies in 1774 to discuss issues related to the Coercive Acts and advocate for colonial rights and independence.

Lexington and Concord

The first battles of the American Revolution in 1775, where the "shot heard around the world" was fired, leading to increased tensions between the colonists and the British.

Second Continental Congress

A meeting of delegates in 1775 to discuss the ongoing war with Great Britain and appoint George Washington as the head general.

Saratoga

A significant battle in 1777 where the colonists achieved a major victory over the British, inspiring the French to join the colonists in their fight for independence.

Treaty of Paris 1783

The treaty that marked the end of the American Revolution, granting independence to the colonies and establishing the boundaries of the new nation.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

The ordinance that allowed towns to become states once they reached a certain population, while prohibiting slavery in the new area.

Conventions

Meetings where representatives discussed various issues, such as inflation, trade, and taxes. The Annapolis convention and the Philadelphia or Constitutional convention are examples.

Father of the Constitution

James Madison, who wrote most of the constitution and kept a journal about it.

Virginia Plan

A proposal by James Madison to scrap the Articles of Confederation and create a new constitution, with a focus on representation based on population and a bicameral legislature.

New Jersey Plan

A proposal to modify the Articles of Confederation, giving more power to the states, with a unicameral legislature and equal representation for each state.

Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)

A combination of the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan, resulting in a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation in the Senate.

Slavery Compromise

Slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person for population measures, representation, and taxation. The slave trade was agreed to end by 1808.

Shays Rebellion

A rebellion by farmers in 1786, protesting against being paid with paper money instead of gold currency and highlighting the government's lack of control over its people.