Fluid and Electrolytes

What are the two major concentration in extracellar fluid?

• interstitual fluid (80%)

• Plasma (20%)

Which cations have a high concentration in extracellular fluids

major cation is Na+ (Ca++)

Which anions have a high concentration in extracellular fluids

- major anions are Cl-, HCO3

Which anions and cations have a high concentration in extracellular fluids

- major cation is K+, (Mg++)
- major anions are proteins, phosphates

Name a cause of hypotonc hyper hydration

can result from excessive fluid intake or renal failure that impairs water excretion

Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the DCT and collecting Ducts

ADH

What part of the brain monitors water concentration in the blood?

hypothalamus

When ADH (antidiuretic hormone) acts on the kidney, blood osmolarity will ____

decrease

Which hormones control sodium concentration? Where are they made?

1. aldosterone- Adernal glands

2. Atrial Natriuretic peptide (ANP)- Heart

Which hormone controls potassium concentration? Where is it made?

Aldosterone-adernal glands]

which hormones control calcium concentration in the body

1. parathroid hormone

2. calcitonin

What is the danger of hyperkalemia?

Hyperkalemia is elevated potassium in the blood can lead to heart problems

which hormone is prodiced in excess whould cause hypercalcemia?

calcitonin

why is phosphate an important intracellular anion

it acts as the backbone for your DNA, powers your cell's energy system, and serves as the structural material for building bones.