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Client
an independent environment in the system.
Company Code
the smallest organizational unit where a legal set of books can be maintained. As the law requires, a balanced set of books are prepared at this level.
Controlling Area
a self-contained unit for which revenues and expenses can be managed. It may include more than one (1) company code, making an enterprise perform management accounting analyses and reports across several companies. It also identifies and tracks where revenues and costs are incurred for evaluation.
Operating Concern
represents a part of an organization for which the sales market is structured uniformly. An operating profit for individual market segments can be calculated in this unit. Additionally, multiple controlling areas can be assigned to one operating concern.
Profit Center
It is responsible for revenue generation and cost containment. It is evaluated on profit or return on investment. Profit centers commonly divide enterprises based on region, function, and product.
Cost Center
It is responsible for cost containment but not for revenue generation. One or more value-added activities are performed within each cost center. Additionally, it is a unit that is distinguished, for example, by area of responsibility, location, or type of activity, such as a copy center, security department, or maintenance department.
Internal Order
It is a temporary cost collector responsible for cost containment but not for revenue generation. It is used to plan, collect, and monitor the costs associated with a distinct short-term event, activity, or project, such as a company picnic, trade show, or recruiting campaign.
Revenue Element
A one-to-one linkage or mapping between General Ledger revenue accounts and CO revenue elements is established to allow the transfer of SAP Financial Accounting (FI) revenue information to CO.
Cost Element
A one-to-one linkage or mapping between General Ledger expense accounts and CO cost elements is established to allow the transfer of SAP Financial Accounting (FI) expense information to CO.
Primary Cost Element
originates in the General Ledger within FI and is automatically transferred to CO when an FI transaction is recorded in the General Ledger
Secondary Cost Element
is used exclusively in CO for allocations and settlements between and amongst cost centers.
Primary cost elements
arise through the consumption of production factors that are sourced externally.
Secondary cost elements
arise through the consumption of production factors that are provided internally.
Secondary Cost Elements
s are used exclusively in CO to identify internal cost flows such as assessments or settlements. They do not have corresponding General Ledger Accounts in FI and are defined in CO only.
Statistical Key Figures
These provide the foundation for accurate and effective cost allocation between cost objectives. It is utilized to support internal cost allocations involving allocations, assessments, and distributions such as the number of employees, square footage, and minutes of computer usage
Distribution
It is a method for periodically allocating primary cost elements. The primary cost elements maintain their identities in sending and receiving objects. Additionally, sender and receiver cost receivers are fully documented in a unique Controlling (CO) document.
Assessment
It is a method for allocating both primary and secondary cost elements. The primary and/or cost elements are grouped and transferred to receiver cost centers using a secondary cost element.
Cost Element Master Data Maintenance
There is no separate cost element master data maintenance anymore in S/4HANA. Here are other changes regarding this innovation
Combining Account Assignments using Universal Journal
Universal Journal combines account assignments of Controlling (cost center, WBS element), Profitability Analysis (products, customer), and Enterprise Controlling (profit center)
Technical Changes in the Material Ledger
The use of the Material Ledger (ML) is now obligatory and automatically active in all SAP S/4HANA systems.
The ability to manage material prices in multiple currencies/valuations
Material inventory values are usually managed by the system in only one (1) currency – company code currency. The material ledger allows the system to manage inventory values in additional currencies/valuations by updating all goods movements in the material ledger.
Actual Costing
g to determine exact costs for externally procured materials and materials produced inhouse.