human geography

exponential growth

overpopulation, industrial revolution produced more food

overpopulation problems

famine, malnutrition, disease, water, resource, distribution, environmental damage

artificial birth control

unaffordable, immoral, not accessible, lack of education

desire for children

poor people have most, increase odds of survival, labour/retirement plan

advanced tech

food production, limited science, unsustainable

improved food distribution

Getting people to share/give up, Guaranteed Annual Income

demographics

study of human populations, cause/consequences of population growth

census

gathering info on country

developed nation

industrialized, strong service sector, high standard of living, longer life expectancy, more service

developing nation

Early stage economy, dependent on agriculture, lower standards of living, lower life expectancy

stage 1 pyramid

Curved Triangle, Expanding, Underdeveloped or Developing, needs money

stage 2 pyramid

More linear triangle, Expanding, Developing, industrializing, needs school/hospital/house

stage 3 pyramid

Fat bottom, parabolic decrease, Stationary, Developed, high birth and survival rate, social services

stage 4 pyramid

bottom curves in, Contracting, Developed, less kids, workforce is disappearing

nutritional density

How many calories can be produced from a particular piece of land

carrying capacity

The number of people or animals that can be sustained in an area

living standards

balance between physical/mental well being

UN human development index

Adult Literacy, Life expectancy, GDP

poverty line

minimum income a person must earn in order to meet basic needs, depends on country/location

debt crisis

developing countries, former colonies were loaned huge amounts by Western banks, interest payments

cash crops

use best land to grow crops to pay debt, IMF “Structural Adjustment Programs”, Coffee/Cocoa/Tea/Cotton/Tobacco/ Sugar/Cocaine, reduces food production, increase malnutrition

poverty cycle

poor always poor, women and children suffer most, charities useless, money/education/skill/work/money

women poverty

Fewest rights, least power, victims of violence and sexual assault, work hardest for least money

diease and poverty

die because poor, drugs often unavailable, HIV/AIDS is pandemic in africa

dirty water

80% cause of disease, 1.2 billion lack clean water

malnutrition

increases the risk of infection and disease, weakens the immune system, child mortality

urbanization

countryside to city, both rich and poor

push factors

mechanization, displacement, job loss, service loss

pull factors

jobs, industrialization, housing, infrastructure, services, transportation, scavenging

BRIC

fastest industrialization, brazil/russia/india/china

megacity

Massive cities of 10 million, slums with poverty and squalor, Houses made out of scavenged items, very poor and crowded, few pull factors

ozone depletion

layer of gasses that protect from cancer-causing UV rays, thinning due to pollution, chlorofluorocarbons

soil degradation

Rising temperatures/overuse/poor farming/Firewood collection, chemical fertilizers damage biosphere, desertification, poverty, malnutrition

kyoto protocol

1997 agreement to reduce greenhouse gases by 2012, us never signed, objected by fossil fuel industry

paris climate agreement

2015, 190 nations participated, 175 signed

economic sectors

primary: resource extraction, secondary: industrial, tertiary:services, quaternary: knowledge based