Bio 10

Taxonomy

Science naming, describing, and classifying organisms

Phylum

Taxonomic rank situated between Kingdom and Class

Order

Taxonomic rank situated between Class and Family

Family

Taxonomic rank situated between Order and Genus

Genus

Group of closely related species; first word of scientific names

Class

Taxonomic rank situated between Phylum and Order

Domain

Broadest taxonomic classification category (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)

Kingdom

Broad classification tier below Domain level

Linnaeus

Father of modern taxonomy; created binomial nomenclature system

Binomial Nomenclature

Two-word naming system using Genus and species

Scientific Name

Universal Latinate name identifier for individual species

Phylogeny

Evolutionary history relationship pathway mapping species

Cladogram

Diagram showing ancestral relationships based on shared traits

Shared Derived Trait

Evolutionary trait appearing unique to specific clades

Phylogenetic Tree

Branching diagram showing evolutionary relationships

Clade

Evolutionary group containing ancestor species and all descendants

Dichotomous Key

Tool identifying organisms using successive two-choice steps

Virus

Non-living protein capsule enclosing infectious genetic material

Vaccine

Weakened pathogen priming immune defenses ahead of time

Pathogen

Any disease-causing biological agent