12-1 History US 1

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

Freedmen's Bureau

Organization run by the army to care for and protect southern Blacks after the Civil War and poor southern whites (vetoed by Johnson but his veto was overrode)

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws civil rights for all citizens (vetoed by Johnson but his veto was overrode)

Black Codes

Laws that made it difficult for Black People to live their lives because it forbade them from many basic necessities like being able to buy a home or serve on juries

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

Race Riots

Southern whites were upset that Blacks were going to be given rights so they would burn stuff down and kill black people

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Ten-Percent Plan

Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its own government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States

Wade-Davis Bill

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill/ pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

Presidential Reconstruction

was the President's idea of reconstruction : all states had to end slavery/ states had to declare that their secession was illegal/ and men had to pledge their loyalty to the U.S.

Military Districts

5 of these were created in the South to govern and enforce Reconstruction

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Didn't recognize state govs formed under Lincoln and Johnson's plans except for Tenn., Had to ratify the 14th Amendment, Had to guarantee that African American men would be able to vote in their state

Johnson Impeachment

Fired Edwin Stanton which went against the Tenure of Office Act

Tenure of Office Act

1867 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet

Edwin Stanton

Secretary of war that the radical republicans wanted to protect

Ulysses S. Grant

18th President of the United States, was a Civil War hero

Horatio Seymour

Grant's Democratic opponent who was the wartime governor of New York

Schuyler Colfax

Vice president for Grant

Fifteenth Amendment

No one can be kept from voting because of race/ color/ or previous condition of servitude

Enforcement act of 1870

Gave the federal government more power to punish those who tried to prevent African Americans from exercising their rights