PPP, aerobic metabolism, and PDC

What are the three reasons the cells use the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

1. Generate NADPH

2. Generate ribose 5-phosphate (r5p)

3. convert pentoses to hexoses and trioses

What is NAD*P*H used for?

1. used in reductive biosynthesis

2. making FA steroids

What is the committed, regulated step in the PPP?

Glucose 6-phosphate (g6p) dehydrogenase oxidizes glucose. It also reduces NADP+ to NADPH.

What does g6p dehydrogenase (committed enzyme) have to do with malaria and fava beans?

If the enzyme is inefficient, it cannot make g6p quickly enough which can lead to oxidative stress. This can lead to hemolytic anemia (which can also be caused by malaria and fava beans)

What are the three pathways involved in aerobic respiration?

1. TCA cycle

2. ETC (electron transport chain)

3. oxidative phosphorylation

What does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) do? (what does it connect? energy levels? reversibility?)

it connects glycolysis to the TCA cycle. It is exergonic and irreversible

What 5 cofactors are required for the PDC?

1. thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

2. lipoic acid

3. NADH

4. FADH2

5. Coenzyme A (CoASH)

Which coenzymes are required for PDC?

E1, E2, and E3

What is the function of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) in PDC?

decarboxylation and aldehyde group transfer

What is the function of lipoic acid in PDC?

carrier of hydrogens or acetyl groups

What is the function of NADH in PDC?

electron carrier

What is the function of FADH2 in PDC?

electron carrier

What is the function of Coenzyme A (CoASH) in PDC?

acetyl group carrier