Year 10 Biology

Year 10 Biology covering: mammal reproductive system, DNA, Adaption, Variations, Chromosomes, Genes, Allele, Specialised cells, the organisation of organisms, plants reproductive system.

Define Adaption:

A feature or behavior that allows an organism to survive in its environment.

Define Variation:

Differences between individuals of the same species.

Define DNA:

Molecule that contains genetic information.

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Define Chromosome:

Long strands of DNA that contains many genes.

Define Gene:

A section of a chromosome that holds genetic information to make protein for a characteristic e.g. eye color.

Define Allele:

A version of a gene e.g. the specific colour of the eyes-Blue, Green, Brown, Black, Hazel, etc.

Explain the relationship between a chromosome, gene and an allele:

A Chromosome is a long strand of coiled up DNA that contains many genes. A section of a chromosome is called a gene. Genes hold genetic information for one characteristic. Each gene has a different varieties called alleles which give slightly different traits/varieties for a characteristic.

Define a Specialised cells:

A specialised cell is a cell that has a unique structure and function to perform a specific task in an organism.

Examples of Specialised cells:

Red blood cell, sperm cell, root hair cell.

Features of Red blood cells and how it carries out its function.

Red blood cells have no nucleus so they can squeeze through small vessels (capillaries), contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen.

Features of Sperm cells and how it carries out its function.

Sperm cells have lots of mitochondria to make energy, to move; have a tail to whip around to move.

Features of Root hair cells and how it carries out its function.

Root hair cells: large surface area to absorb water from soil.

Define organelle:

small structure in a cell that carries out a specific function e.g. nucleus contains genetic material.