heimler apush unit 3

Proclamation of 1763

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains resulting from mass migration after acquisition of territory that conflicted with Native Americans

salutary neglect

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies mid 1700s, ended after the French and Indian War bc British needed money

Boston Tea Party

1773 protest against Tea Act/taxes, colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor

Intolerable Acts

1774 Series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protest, included Coercive Acts (closed down Boston Harbor until citizens paid for damage), new Quartering Act

Common Sense

written by Thomas Paine to argue for independence, spread this notion to the public

Battle of Saratoga

1777 turning point of the American Revolution, convinced the French to ally with America

Battle of Yorktown

1781 American victory in Virginia that forced the British to surrender, won with help of French guns and ships

How were colonists divided during the Revolutionary War?

loyalists (loyal to Britain), Patriots (pro-independence), neutral (rural populations not involved in fighting)

Articles of Confederation

1781 first constitution of the United States, unicameral (Congress), equal state representatives

Northwest Ordinance

1787 law that set up a plan for admitting new states to the Union, outlawed slavery in the Northwest

The Great Compromise

Settled disputes between Virginia Plan (representation by population) and New Jersey Plan (equal representation) with a bicameral legislature (HOR by population, Senate equally)

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House of Representatives

Supremacy Clause (Article VI)

Federal law is supreme over state law, established enumerated powers (specific federal powers/national laws ex. declare war)

National Bank

Hamilton's big idea; fiercely opposed by Democratic-Rep., succeeded in unifying states and paying back war debt, stabilized the economy

Proclamation of Neutrality

1793 declaration that the US would not engage itself in French-British conflicts

Alien and Sedition Acts

1798 acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Republican documents that argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional, declared that states could nullify unconstitutional federal laws

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area, British won

Albany Congress

(1754) Intercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster unity, discuss action in the French and Indian War, and assure Iroquois support

Albany Plan of Union

proposal by Benjamin Franklin to create one government for the 13 colonies, rejected

Peace of Paris

ended the French and Indian war in 1763, Britain acquired all land east of the Mississippi plus Canada, French removed from North America

Quartering Act

1765 example of regaining power over Americans after war, required citizens to house and feed British soldiers

What economic measures did Parliament take after the 7 Years War?

Sugar Act 1764 (taxed coffee, wine, and other luxuries), Stamp Act 1765 (taxed paper items), Townshend Acts 1767 (taxed paper, tea, glass)

Homespun Movement

covert protest against British taxes where colonists produced their own goods, spinning clothes by hand and making herbal tea

Boston Massacre

1770, street clash between townspeople and Irish soldiers stationed in Boston by British, 4 dead, angered colonists

First Continental Congress

colonial delegates met in 1774 to discuss the Intolerable Acts and growing tyranny of British

What was the importance of Enlightenment thought during this time?

contributed to the desire for independence: John Locke (consent of the governed, natural rights), Social Contract (power in the hands of the people, exchange of this power for protection of rights), Montesquieu's three branches of government, Common Sense

Second Continental Congress

Political authority that directed the struggle for independence beginning in 1775, wrote the Declaration of Independence

Paris Peace Treaty

1783 Britain acknowledgement of America as an independent nation, set boundary at the Mississippi River

Shay's Rebellion

1786-1787 rebellion of farmers because they were in debt after the war and the govt did little to help, lack of federal troops or president to stop them exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention

meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution

three branches of government

legislative branch (Congress: House of Representatives voted by the people and Senate elected by state legislature), executive branch (president elected by electoral college), judicial branch (Supreme Court)

Federalists

supporters of the Constitution, wrote Federalist Papers to promote, supported central govt and interests of urban populations and elite ex. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison

Anti-Federalists

opposed the constitution, suggested the Bill of Rights to protect overreach of federal power, eventually the Democratic-Republican Party

10th Amendment

Powers not in enumerated powers belongs to state government

Jay's Treaty

signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain, Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory

Battle of Fallen Timbers

1794 battle between Native Americans and American forces, Native Americans lost and surrendered all land in the Ohio River Valley

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by western farmers, govt successfully stopped and proved Constitution's success

Democratic-Republicans

Led by Jefferson, supported power of people and state govt, emphasized agriculture

XYZ Affair

1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats, raised anti-French sentiment and led to the Alien and Sedition Acts

Republican Motherhood

Expectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 - An Indian uprising after the French and Indian, opposing British expansion into the Ohio Valley