Human AP Final Exam 2 Review CH 7

What are the main skull bones?

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxillae, mandible.

What are the skull sutures?

Sagittal, coronal, squamous, lambdoid, pterion, bregma.

What are the cavities of the skull?

Cranial, orbits, nasal, ear, oral, paranasal sinuses.

What are the functions of paranasal sinuses?

Lighten the skull, moisten air, enhance voice resonance.

What are the parts of the palate?

Hard palate (maxilla + palatine bones) and soft palate.

What are the parts of the nasal septum?

Vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and cartilage.

What are C1 and C2 vertebrae called?

C1 = Atlas, C2 = Axis.

How many vertebrae are in each spinal section?

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (5 fused), coccyx (4 fused).

What are the parts of a vertebra?

Body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, vertebral foramen.

What are the names of the abnormal curvatures?

Scoliosis (lateral), kyphosis (humpback), lordosis (swayback).

What makes up the thorax?

Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum.

How many ribs are there and how are they classified?

12 pairs — true (1–7), false (8–12), floating (11–12).

What bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and scapula.

What bones are in the arm and forearm?

Humerus, radius, ulna.

What bones make up the hand?

Carpals (8), metacarpals (5), phalanges (14).

What bones form the pelvis?

Ilium, ischium, pubis.

What bones are in the leg?

Femur, tibia, fibula.

What bones are in the foot?

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

What are the names of the 7 tarsal bones?

Talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial/middle/lateral cuneiforms, cuboid.

What are the four major knee ligaments?

Medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).