HEMATOLOGY INTRODUCTION/ RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM HEMATOPOIESIS

Hematology

the study of blood cell production, destruction, number, and disease

Cyte

cell

Intramedullary hemolysis

Whitin bone marrow cell breaks up

Extramedullary hemolysis

outside bone marrow cell lysis

Erythroid Hyperplasia

increase red cell formation

Lymphopenia

decrease number of lymphs

Eosinophilia

 increase number of eosinophilia ( due to parasitic infection)

Polycythemia

many cells increased

Intravascular Hemolysis

inside vessel breakdown of RBC

Adipocytes

fat cells

Pitting

splenic macrophages remove inclusions or damaged surface membrane from circulation RBC

Proliferation

increase in number

Maturation

to work towards its functional capability and eventually die

Extravascular hemolysis

outside the vessels

Hemopoietic

that is where those cell are forming

Hematopoiesis

is the cell forming

MCV

mean cell volume ( RBC size)

MCH

 mean cell hemoglobin ( Weight of hgb contain in RBC)

MCHC

mean cell hemoglobin content ( average concentration of hgb in rbc)

When are MCH and MCHC are decreased

microcytic anemia,

When are MCH and MCHC increased

macrocytic anemia

Reticuloendothelial system (RES)

Network of cells and tissues in spleen, liver, thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes

What are the functions of RES

• Provides cells to fight infection, carry oxygen, and prevent bleeding

• Network is involved in formation and destruction of blood cells, metabolism of iron, inflammation, and immunity

Is the bone marrow one of the largest organs in the body

True

What are the two types of bone marrow

Red marrow and Yellow marrow

Red marrow

hematopoietically active marrow

Which bone marrow produce cells

Red marrow

Yellow marrow

hematopoietically inactive marrow composed primarily of adipocytes (fat cells)

At what age do retrogression in bone marrow occur?

7

Where is red marrow is restricted

flat bones, sternum, vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, skull, and proximal long bones

iron Laden Macrophage

Adventitial Cells

 allow mature blood cells to pass through the pores of the endothelicytoplasm into the circulation

What is the lymph nodes

bean shaped structures that occur in groups or chains at various intervals among the lymphatic system.

What re the functions of the lymph nodes

• Play a role in the formation of new lymphocytes from the germinal centers

• Involved in the processing of specific immunoglobulins ( antibodies)

• Involved in the filtration of particulate matter, debris and bacteria

What are the functions of the spleen

 Involved in immunity 

• Sort, alter, modify red cells

• Remove old or damaged red cells – through culling or pitting

§ Culling: Cells are phogocytosized with degradation of cellular components

§ Pitting: Splenic macrophages remove inclusion or damaged surface

membrane from circulating RBCs

• In some cases, will develop hematopoiesis

§ Referred to extramedullary hematopoiesis

• Holding area for 30% of platelet population in peripheral blood