Accounting Data Analytics, Chapter 6: "Analysis; Data Modeling" definitions -

Information Modeling

(6.1) The process of generating additional knowledge from data that is relevant for analysis purposes. 

Algorithm

(6.1) A set of instructions that transform the data into information.

Calculated Column

(6.1) A column added to a dataset, that derives its values from a formula or expression applied to existing columns, rather than from direct import.

Measure

(6.1) An aggregate total that can be used in reports, and subsequently for analytical purposes.

Data Model

(6.1) A model that shows the structure of a data set. The model specifically shows the concepts being described, the tables, and the fields being used to describe the concepts.

Information Model

(6.1) A model which extends a data model, as it includes calculated columns and measures.

Who Table

(6.1) A dimension table that describes the agents involved in the transactions.

What Table

(6.1) A dimension table that describes the resources that were given up or acquired as part of a transaction.

When Table

(6.1) A dimension table that describes when a transaction occurs. 

Within-Table Numeric Calculation

(6.2) An information modeling pattern that creates a new field for one or more numeric columns or fields in the same table.

Within-Table Text Calculation

(6.2) An information modeling pattern that involves creating a new calculated column from one or more fields in the same table.

Within-Table Classification

(6.2) An information modeling pattern where the number of classification algorithms that can be applied to a data set is unlimited.

Across-Table Calculation

(6.2) An information modeling pattern that is created from using arithmetic, text calculations, and classifications. 

Single-Column Aggregation

(6.2) An information modeling pattern that calculates aggregate measures that can be sliced or broken down in many ways. This applies to all the values of a single column.

Filtered Aggregation

(6.2) An information modeling pattern that analyzes aggregates based on filtered data sets.

Measure Hierarchy

(6.2) An information modeling pattern that is used when a new, more complex measure is created using existing measures.

How Many Pattern

(6.3) An information modeling pattern that creates a measure that counts the number of rows, or instances, of a concept within a table.

Participates Pattern

(6.3) An information modeling pattern where the relationship describes who is involved.

Flows Pattern

(6.3) An information modeling pattern that describes what is involved in a transaction, such as goods and services.

Occurs Pattern

(6.3) An information modeling pattern that describes when a relationship takes place by connecting it to a Calendar table.

Who-What-When Star Schema

(6.3) An information modeling pattern that integrates the who, what, and when aspect dimensions of accounting transaction patterns.

Integrated Star Schema

(6.3) An information modeling pattern where business data is organized into a central fact table surrounded by multiple dimension tables, resembling a star shape, to optimize for analytical queries by facilitating fast data retrieval and reporting.