Key Stage 3 Test Revision Notes

Flashcards for Key Stage 3 test revision, covering units from Year 9 including Disease, Periodic table, Forces, Inheritance, Chemical reaction and energy, Magnets, Bioenergetics, Earth’s resources, and Space.

Pathogen

A microorganism that causes disease.

Cell wall

Rigid and gives the cell structure.

Flagella

A tail-like structure that helps the bacteria move.

Plasmid

Circular ring of DNA.

Cell membrane

Controls what goes into and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

This is where the chemical reactions take place.

Bacteria

Cause disease by multiplying rapidly and producing toxins.

Viruses

Take over body cells and replicate.

Lysozyme

Enzyme contained in tears that destroys microorganisms

Phagocytes

Circulate in the blood and engulf and destroy pathogens.

Lymphocytes

Located in the lymph gland, produce antibodies specific to particular pathogens.

Antitoxins

In response to toxins released by bacteria.

Antibodies

In response to antigens on viral surface.

Groups

Vertical columns in the periodic table with elements having similar properties.

Periods

Horizontal rows in the periodic table with patterns in the properties of elements.

Element

A substance made up of only one type of atom.

Compound

A substance made up of two or more different types of atom.

Alkali metal + water

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Noble Gases

Colourless gases with no taste or smell; unreactive and safe.

Lever

A long bar that pivots, magnifying force for easier movement.

Moment

The turning effect of a force around a pivot.

Acceleration

Measure of how quickly a velocity changes.

Alleles

Different forms of the same gene.

Dominant Allele

Always expressed

Recessive Allele

Only expressed when two copies are present.

Heterozygous

Each allele is a different type.

Homozygous

Both alleles are the same type.

Selective Breeding

Process of selecting characteristics, parents, and offspring to repeat the process

Symbol Equation

Uses the formulae of reactants and products to show a chemical reaction.

Thermal Decomposition

Breaking something down using heat.

Exothermic Reactions

Reactions that give out energy, usually in the form of heat.

Endothermic Reactions

Reactions that take in energy, usually in the form of heat.

Catalysts

Speed up reactions without being used up by lowering the activation energy.

Solenoid

A coil of wire; with an iron core, it becomes an electromagnet.

Mesophyll

Key tissues of a leaf that allow the plant to carry out photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Process that occurs in the chloroplasts of plants allowing for the production of glucose

Aerobic Respiration

Process that occurs in the mitochondria

Anaerobic Respiration

When there is a lack of oxygen due to vigorous excercise

Extracted using Electrolysis

Metals extracted from their ores by electrolysis.

Extracted using Carbon

Metals extracted from their ores by using carbon to remove the oxygen.

Composites

Materials made by combining two or more materials with different properties to enhance overall characteristics.

The Greenhouse Effect

Theory that explains why global warming is happening

Meteorite

An extra-terrestrial body that survives its impact with the Earth's surface without being destroyed.

Comet

A relatively small body in the Solar System, which orbits the Sun and is made of ice and dust.

NEO

Asteroids or comets that pose a potential collision hazard to Earth.

Seasons

The Earth is tilted on its axis and takes 365.25 days to orbit the Sun