BIO 123N ODU EXAM 5

5.0(1)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/74

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

75 Terms

1
New cards

What are hormones?

Chemical regulators used to coordinate the proper response to internal and external stimuli.

2
New cards

What is endocrinology?

The medical specialty that diagnoses and treats hormone-related disorders

3
New cards

What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of steady-state physiological conditions.

4
New cards

Where are endocrine glands and cells located?

The capillary system

5
New cards

What type of proteins bind to hydrophobic hormone molecules and transport them to target cells?

Hydrophilic transport proteins

6
New cards

What two hormones maintain glucose homeostasis?

Insulin and glucagon

7
New cards

What two hormones maintain calcium homeostasis?

Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone

8
New cards

What hormone reduces blood volume by stimulating salt and water secretion by the kidneys?

(ANP) Atrial natriuretic peptide

9
New cards

Negative feedback regulation

When something goes up the production is sped up

10
New cards

T/F: Some hormones are made in advance and stored in an inactive form until needed.

True

11
New cards

What enables hormones to move among adjacent cells?

Plasmodesmata

12
New cards

What is auxin?

A plant growth hormone found in the tip of plants

13
New cards

What stimulates the division of stem cells in the shoot and root?

Cytokinins

14
New cards

What stimulates cell elongation in roots and shoots?

Auxin

15
New cards

What is senescence?

Biological aging

16
New cards

What hormone stimulates apoptosis and senescence?

Ethylene

17
New cards

What hormone reverses the effects of ethylene on apoptosis and senescence?

Cytokinin

18
New cards

T/F: Cytokinin can delay the process of senescence of some vegetables to extend their shelf life

True

19
New cards

What two hormones coordinate the development of the ovary surrounding the seed into fruit tissue?

Auxin and Gibberellic Acid

20
New cards

What hormone is produced to stimulate the ripening process after seed maturity?

Ethylene

21
New cards

What hormone maintains seed dormancy until environmental conditions are favorable?

Abscisic Acid

22
New cards

What hormone coordinates the response to water stress?

Abscisic Acid

23
New cards

What hormone coordinates phototropism response enabling the shoot to bend towards sunlight?

Auxin

24
New cards

What hormones are applied to some crop species to induce seedless fruit formation?

Auxin and Gibberellic Acid

25
New cards

What hormone coordinates the human immune system?

Cytokine

26
New cards

What specialized epithelial tissues cover and defend all internal body surfaces exposed to the outside world?

Mucous Membranes

27
New cards

What tissue lines the digestive, reproductive, and respiratory tracts?

Mucous Membranes

28
New cards

What are phagocytes?

A type of white blood cell that ingests invading microbes

29
New cards

Mucous membranes contain ______ that import and destroy foreign invaders.

Phagocytes

30
New cards

T/F: Fever reduces pathogen reproduction by increasing iron in the blood.

False

31
New cards

What cells line the respiratory tract and move trapped particles towards the throat to be expelled?

Cilia cells

32
New cards

What hormone increases muscle tone to release more heat?

Epinephrine

33
New cards

Fever reduces ________ levels in blood to to limit pathogen reproduction.

Iron

34
New cards

T/F: Iron levels decrease, during a fever, in blood to limit pathogen reproduction

True

35
New cards

T/F: Mast cells and basophils stimulate inflammation.

True

36
New cards

What cells stimulate inflammation?

Mast cells and basophils

37
New cards

Monocytes develop into...?

Macrophages

38
New cards

What are pattern recognition receptors?

Receptors found on cells of the innate immune system. They are not selective and bind to a variety of proteins (PAMPs) found on the surface of many pathogens.

39
New cards

Where are PRRs located?

The cell membranes and in the cytoplasm

40
New cards

T/F: macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, and neutrophils are phagocytes

True

41
New cards

T/F: Pattern recognition receptors bind to self molecules.

False

42
New cards

What do macrophages do?

Recognize and eat pathogens and damaged cells

43
New cards

What is tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?

Secreted by macrophages and T cells to kill tumor cells and regulate immune responses and inflammation

44
New cards

T/F: Macrophages are located in exposed parts of the body prone to colonization by foreign invaders.

True

45
New cards

T/F: Natural killer cells induce apoptosis in foreign cells

True

46
New cards

What response increases blood flow to inflamed tissues to promote blood clotting, contain/destroy invaders, increase temperature and sensitivity, and coordinate tissue repair?

Inflammation Response

47
New cards

What hormone is released from mast cells in response to inflammation?

Histamine

48
New cards

What can be the result if inflammation response is not deactivated?

Asthma, active hepatitis, chronic peptide ulcer, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis...

49
New cards

What is the compliment system?

~30 proteins in blood plasma that complement defense reactions and help attract phagocytes to foreign cells; can help promote lysis of the foreign cell

50
New cards

What do endocrine glands and cells synthesize and secrete?

Hormones

51
New cards

What is secreted in the posterior pituitary?

ADH and oxytocin

52
New cards

What part of the brain makes ADH and oxytocin?

Hypothalamus

53
New cards

What hormone increases water retention?

ADH

54
New cards

What hormone affects breast feeding, birth, and feelings of intimacy?

Oxytocin

55
New cards

Which part of the brain regulates the anterior pituitary?

Hypothalamus

56
New cards

Which hormone stimulates appetite?

Orexin

57
New cards

What is the "hunger hormone"?

Ghrelin

58
New cards

What hormone increases bone density, libido and musculature?

Testosterone

59
New cards

What is the purpose of adipose tissue?

Insulates, protects, and is a site of fuel storage

60
New cards

What hormone is secreted by adipose tissue and accelerates the onset of puberty?

Estrogen

61
New cards

What hormone suppresses appetite?

Leptin

62
New cards

What is apical dominance?

Tendency for growth to be concentrated at the tip of a plant shoot, because the apical bud partially inhibits axillary bud growth.

63
New cards

What do brassinosteroids do?

Promote stem and pollen tube elongation

64
New cards

What plant hormones coordinate sexual reproduction?

Auxin and Gibberellic Acid

65
New cards

What are adipocytes?

Fat cells

66
New cards

How does microbes exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

diffusion, all parts of the cell’s surface contacts the air to facilitate gas diffusion

67
New cards

all respiratory organs are highly folded or highly branched to

increase surface area available for gas exchange, increase capacity to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide and reduce the volume of space the organs occupy in the body

68
New cards

all respiratory organs have thin gas exchange membranes that consist of one cell layer to

reduce distance gas molecules must diffuse, reduce time required for oxygen molecules to enter the body and reduce time required for carbon dioxide molecules to exit the body

69
New cards

all animals must perfuse gas exchange membranes

perfusion is delievery of blood by the circulatory system to the capillaries of respiratory organ

70
New cards
71
New cards
72
New cards
73
New cards
74
New cards
75
New cards