multiple choice practice

What is the fertilized egg called?

Zygote

Which stage of development occurs from 2 to 8 weeks, during which basic organs begin to form?

Embryo

What harmful substances can cause birth defects?

Teratogens

Which reflex helps babies find food when their cheek is touched?

Rooting Reflex

In Piaget’s theory, which stage involves learning through sensory and motor interactions?

Sensorimotor

What concept describes the understanding that objects exist even when they cannot be seen?

Object Permanence

Which parenting style is strict with high expectations and little flexibility?

Authoritarian

In which stage does Piaget say children begin to use symbolic thought but lack logic?

Preoperational

Which reflex involves a baby making walking movements when their feet touch a surface?

Stepping Reflex

Which of Erikson’s stages focuses on developing a sense of self in adolescence?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Which stage of Piaget’s theory involves logical thinking about concrete events?

Concrete Operational

Which term refers to a baby’s natural disposition or emotional style?

Temperament

Which theory of development suggests that knowledge is built through assimilation and accommodation?

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

In adolescence, what marks the onset of the ability to reproduce?

Puberty

In Kohlberg’s preconventional level of morality, behavior is motivated by:

Avoiding punishment

What does 'zone of proximal development' refer to in Vygotsky’s theory?

The difference between what a child can do alone and with help

Which reflex causes a baby to spread its arms when startled?

Moro Reflex

At what stage does Piaget say children develop abstract and hypothetical thinking?

Formal Operational

What is the critical period in development?

Time when stimuli have a major effect on development

Which theory suggests children acquire gender identity by observing and imitating role models?

Behavioral Perspective

What is crystallized intelligence?

Knowledge and skills learned through experience

Which attachment style is characterized by distress when a caregiver leaves and comfort upon return?

Secure Attachment

At which age does menopause typically occur in women?

50

Which of the following is an example of secondary sex characteristics?

Growth of pubic hair

Which term describes the understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives?

Theory of Mind

What type of study follows the same group of people over time to assess changes?

Longitudinal study

Who proposed the theory of moral development?

Lawrence Kohlberg

What is the ‘social clock’?

Societal expectations for major life events

Which disorder is marked by a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, in old age?

Alzheimer’s Disease

Which parenting style is associated with high responsiveness and reasonable demands?

Authoritative

What is the term for an infant’s automatic response to sucking when the roof of their mouth is touched?

Sucking Reflex

Which stage of Piaget’s theory deals with logical reasoning about concrete objects?

Concrete Operational

What theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in cognitive development?

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

Which disorder can be caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Which concept refers to an individual’s ability to reflect on their own thinking?

Meta-cognition

At what stage of Erikson’s theory is generativity versus stagnation a concern?

Middle adulthood

What is a teratogen?

A harmful substance that affects fetal development

Which of the following describes a child in the preconventional stage of Kohlberg’s moral development?

Follows rules to avoid punishment

Which term describes a decline in physical and mental abilities with age?

Senescence

Which attachment style involves a child showing little interest in their caregiver’s departure or return?

Avoidant Attachment

Which process involves adjusting existing schemas to incorporate new information?

Accommodation

What describes a rapid increase in brain development in infants?

Myelination

What is the term for the first occurrence of menstruation in females?

Menarche

Which of the following refers to an emotional bond that forms between an infant and caregiver?

Attachment

At what stage in Piaget’s theory do children develop the ability to think logically about abstract concepts?

Formal Operational

What is fluid intelligence?

Ability to reason and solve new problems quickly

Which reflex causes a baby to curl its toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked?

Babinski Reflex

What is imprinting?

A rapid learning process in young animals during a critical period

What is the first stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?

Trust vs. Mistrust

What type of development focuses on changes in thinking and problem-solving abilities over time?

Cognitive Development