Unit 4-1: Era of Good Feelings

Effects of the War of 181

• Confirmation of US independence

• Increase in nationalism

• Increase in American manufacturing

• Revealed transportation problems

• Convinced older DRs to support a stronger federal government

What is occurring at the same time of the Era of Good Feelings

• Industrial Revolution

• Rise of slavery

• Need to unite the country

North States Characteristics

• Invests into industrialization

• No cash crops due to climate

• Lowell becomes a manufacturing center

• Cotton gin helps the industrializing textile industry

South States Characteristics

• No need to industrialize

• Cotton gin aids the cotton industry

• Cotton Kingdom or “King Cotton”

• Increase in the use of slaves due to the rising cotton industry

Northwest States Characteristics

• 1-2 crops or livestock

• Example: Corn and cattle

• Sold goods at city markets

What was the status of slavery in the north?

By 1804, nearly all Northern states abolished slavery

Henry Clay

• Represented Kentucky

• in House of Reps and the Senate

• Eventually Speaker of the House

• Proposed the American System

• Democratic-Republic but acted Federalist

3 Parts of the American System

1. National Bank

2. Protective Tariff

3. National transportation system

American System (National Bank)

• Created Second Bank of the US (1816)

American System (Protective Tariff)

• 25% duty on most imported factory goods

• Sectional economic differences lead to different impacts:

• Good for the North since their goods will be cheaper than foreign goods → Promotion of American businesses

• Bad for the South since they have to buy more expensive goods
  

American System (National Transportation System)

• Transportation needed internal improvements in order to unite the country

• Madison vetoed this part of the American system due to issues if it complies with the Constitution

Who was elected president in 1816

James Monroe!!!!!!!

James Monroe

• Elected in 1816

• Went on good will tours (Especially in the north where he wasn’t really voted for)

• Issued the Monroe Doctrine

Era of Good Feelings Characteristics

• Lack of partisanship

• Post-war nationalism

• Focus on the development of the country

• Several peace treaties

Why the Era of Good Feelings is a misnomer

• Tariff issues

• Bank issues: Panic of 1819

• Growing pains in the West:
  9 new states
  Sectional balance
  Argument over slavery in the new states (and old)

Panic of 1819

• First major, widespread, financial crisis in America

• 1819-1821

• Full recovery in 1823

Cause of Panic of 1819: Post War Demand Drop

• Post war Demand Drop
  - Europe needed crops in Napoleonic war
  - Napoleonic war ended → Demand from Europe decreased
  - Value of American cotton, wheat, and tobacco dropped 50%

Cause of Panic of 1819: Reckless banking and land speculation

• Reckless banking and land speculation
  - State banks printing money not backed by gold/silver (species)
  - Easy credit was created
  - “Land Bubble” where people were buying lots of land and driving prices up
  - Land speculation where people were buying land in hopes of profit rather than usage
  

Cause of Panic of 1819: Second Bank of US Intervention

• Second Bank of US Intervention
  - Second Bank of US realized the fault of the state banks
  - State banks forced to pay loans in specie (No more easy credit)
  - State banks forced to demand immediate repayment from farmers + brokers

Causes of the Panic of 1819

• Post-war demand drop in crops

• Reckless banking and land speculation

• Intervention of the Second Bank of America

Effects of the Panic of 1819

• Land bubble popped

• Foreclosures (Taking of debtors property to pay for their loans) and debtors’ prisons

• State banks collapse

• Massive unemployment

• People are angry at the Second Bank of US 

• Govt passes laws to help farmers and debtors pay back their debts

Suffrage

Right to vote

What happened to suffrage in the early 1800s

• More people gain the right to vote (WHITE MEN!!!)

• States reduced voting restrictions

By 1830, only_____ states required a voter to own property

2

Election of 1824

• Between  JQA and Jackson

• No one won majority of electoral votes

• House of Reps chooses President

• JQA becomes president

Andrew Jackson’s reaction to JQA’s win

• Called it a “corrupt bargain”

• Henry Clay greatly influenced the House of Reps as the Speaker of the House

• JQA promised to make Henry Clay Secretary of State

• (Tradition that Secretary of State becomes president)

Effects of the Election of 1824

• Democratic-Republicans will split

• End of the Era of Good Feelings

Election of 1828

• JQA vs. Jackson

• First modern political campaign 

• Vicious personal attacks

• Had to win the peoples’ vote

Jackson’s campaign

• Aimed AGAINST the wealthy elite (like JQA)

• Promised to support the common man (the common folk)

• Andrew was a wealthy elite himself

Results of the Election of 1828

• Jackson wins popular + electoral votes

• Practiced the spoils systems

Spoils systems

• Replacing former appointees with your own friends

• “Kitchen cabinet” because Jackson’s friends slipped into the White House through the kitchen

Voting pattern between JQA and AJ

• North for JQA

• South for AJ

Ogden v. Gibbons

• Someone claiming trading control over two states

• Stated interstate commerce would be ruled by federal court

• Congress has authority over interstate commerce

• Favored competition > monopolies

• Led to federal gov. governing over air traffic, TV/radio raves, cell communications, etc.

McCulloch v. Maryland

• Maryland trying to tax a national bank

• Established national govt supremacy > state govt

• Strengthened fed govt control on economy

Fletcher v. Peck

• Georgian law violated right to enter contracts

• Restricted the states powers

Dartmouth v. Woodward

• College couldn’t revise charter

• Charter = contract

• Constitution doesn’t allow states to interfere with contracts

John Quincy Adams

• Secretary of State during Monroe’s presidency

• Handled foreign policy with nationalism

• Wrote the Monroe Document

Nationlism

Belief that national interests should be placed above regional/foreign interests

Rush-Bagot Treaty

• Demilitarization of US and Canada border

• Between GB and US

Convention of 1818

• Sets US border at the 49th parallel

Oregon Territory

• US and GB jointly occupy the territory for 10 year

Adam-Onis Treaty

• Spain gives up Florida + claims in Oregon Territory to the US

Causes of the Monroe Doctrine

• After Napoleonic War, European  countries like Spain and Portugal want to reclaim old western territories

Monroe Doctrinee

• Monroe told foreign powers not the interfere with the Western hemisphere

• No creating new colonies or reclaiming ones turned into republics

• Stated US would not be involved in European affairs

Reasons to move to the West

• Economic gain (cheap fertile lands)

• Escape debts and the laws

• Change occupations/new opportunities

Jem Beckwourth

• Mixed man

• Moved to the West and was able to have tons of occupations

US state balance before Missouri Compromise

• 10 slave states and 10 free states

What did Tallmadge propose?

Require Missouri to gradually free its slaves

Missouri Compromise

• Result of the argument over whether Missouri should be a slave or free state

• Missouri is a slave state and Maine becomes a free state ( To keep balance)

• Dividing line at 36 degrees and 30th north latitude

• Above the line was free states and below the line was slave states

• Only applied to the Louisiana Territory