AP geo

What is Reference map

Made for people to refer to information

Thematic maps

show spatial aspects of information

chloropeth

uses color to show location and distribution

Dot distribution

uses dots to show distribution often used in finding where disease is coming from each dot defines one set amount of something

Graduated symbol

uses symbols of different sizes to show amounts of something

Isoline

Uses lines to connect pint of equal value. the closer the lines are together the more dramatic the change

cartogram

The size of country or state show specific information like population

Small scale map

show large part of map with less detail

Large scale map

show small part of map with more detail

Absolute location

the specific spot where something is

relative location

a description of wher e something is relative to other locations

ablsolute disatance

the exact distance of how far something is like hwo many miles

relative distance

shows distance based on different variables most commonly method of transportation

Cluster

Phenomena arranged in one spot

Linear

Phenomena aranged in a straight line

Dispersed

Phenomena spread with no specific area

circular

Phenomena spread with equal distane to something forming a circle

Gemometric

Phenomena in a regular area

Random

Phenomena in a random order

Mercator

Distorts actual size of things shown on a flat surface but is a flat rectangular projection

Robinson

slighly distorted shows world on flat map but world is show in a oval shape

Peters

a rectangular world map designed to display landmasses in correct proportion to their actual physical size.

Geographic data gathering methods

Field observation, spatial data, remote sensing, ariel photoography

GPS

uses sattelites to find exact location

Remote sensing

uses cameras or sensors on aircrafts to collect digital images or video of the surface fo the earth

GIS

Computer uses info from different digtal maps/data to give inoformation

smartphone or computer applications

loation aware apps that gather info bases on location to use as data

Location

where phenomena is specifically located on a grid

Place

Physical characteristics of a location

Site

Characteristics of immediate location like soil type

situation

location of place relative to its surroundings

sense of place

how people mentally think of a place or area like the midwest

Toponym

the name of any geographic place or feature like river or city

Time space compression

compression of time space like jet planes making nyc and london more connected then before because they dont seem as far apart as they used to

Friction of distance

when things are farther apart they are less connected the friction is things like how far they are and how yit might be harder to get there

Distance decay

The result in the friction of distance the actaul connection part

why is distance less important now?

because of air travel and the interenet things are far more connected then they used to be

Distribution & spatial asscotiation

distibution is phenomena spread out across a area spatial assosciation is wehn geographers find patterns in distribution

human enviornmental interaction

is the relationship between humans and how we interact with our enviornment

natural resources

Resources that appear naturally like water, oil, and fish.

sustainability

using items on a way that they will allow use in the future with minimal enviornmental impact

land use

teh stufy of how land is utilized, modified, and orginized by people

cultural ecology

teh study of how humans adapt tothe envionment

eviornmental determinism

the belife that landforms and climat are the biggest forces shaping human behavior and development.

possibilism

how human culture plays into human behavior and not just landforms and climate

different scales of analysis

Global- The whole world, World regional- Multiple countrys of the world, national- one country, National Regional- a portion of a country, Local- a province, state, city, county, or neighborhood.

Scales of analysis importance

It is important to see the world at different specific points so the info is too generlized or too specific

formal region

Are united by a similar trait like politcal, cultural, or economic

functional region

Defined by activity, netowrks, communication, transportation, or other interactions

perceptual

described by informal sense of place