Seed Plants

Generative cell

divides into 2 sperm cells

tapetum

inner wall that gives nutrients to spores and coats them with sporopollen

indirect pollination

pollen grows tube and delivers sperm to egg

synergids

attract pollen tube

megagametogenesis

making female gametophyte (mitosis)

making megaspore (meiosis)

megasporogenesis

perianth

calyx and corolla

corolla

layer of petals

calyx

layer of sepals

cluster of flowers

infloresence

angiosperm

vessel seed

gymnosperm

naked seed

tissue that contains ovules, will become fruit

carpels

determinate shoots that bear sporophylls

flowers

endodermas

layer with casperian strip to control movement of water and nutrients

hold resin to deter predators

resin ducts

parenchyma cells, photosynthesis

mesophyll

hypodermas

support

cuticle

waxy covering on epidermas, holds in water

fascicles

needles in bundles

progymnsperms

transition between SVP and gymnosperms

double fertilization

both sperm cells fertilize: one becomes the embryo, the other becomes endosperm (food)

decidious

drops leaves every year

dioecious

separate male and female plants

aril

fleshy structure that surrounds a cone, yews

polyembrony

multiple embryos formed, but only one will survive

suspensor

pushes embryo into food

heterosporous

2 types of spore: microspore and megaspore

integuments

enclose and protect female gametophyte

ovule

immature seed

seed

mature ovule

berry

1+ carpels, each with many seeds

drupes

1+ carpels, but each with one seed

pomes

fleshy fruit (hypanthium), comes from an inferior ovary

follicle

dry fruit, single carpel that dehisces down one side at maturity

legume

dry fruit, single carpel that dehisces down both sides at maturity

capsule

dry fruit, compound ovary that is either inferior or superior, dehiscent fruit

achene

dry fruit, single seed attached to the seed coat only by the funiculus

caryopsis

like an achene, but seed coat is completely united to fruit wall

nuts

like achenes, but they have a stony fruit wall and come from a compound ovary

schizocarp

dry fruit, from a compound ovary that splits apart at maturity