Articular system

Sensory nerves

________ transmit pain and awareness of position (proprioception)

hemispherical head

· A spherical or ________ of one bone articulates with a cup like socket of another.

Ligaments:

Band of fibrous tissue that connects 2 bones and provides attachment for the cartilage, fascia, and muscle.

Tendons

Connects the muscle of the bone.

Ligaments

Band of fibrous tissue that connects 2 bones and provides attachment for the cartilage, fascia and muscle

Tendons

Connects the muscle of the bone

Cartilage

Fibrous tissue that covers the ends of bones, can withstand great amounts of pressure and tension and also provides a cushion for the joint

·       Only examples of non-axial

joints

·       Examples

Elbow and interphalangeal joints

·       Examples

"No" motion of the head via joint between the 2nd and 3rd vertebra

·       Examples

radiocarpal (wrist) joints, and metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints

·       Example

carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

·       Examples

shoulder and hip joints

Cartilaginous Joints

which are slightly moveable (e.g. intervertebral disks). Cartilaginous joints also include fibrocartilage or hyaline (articular) cartilage between the 2 bones.

Fibrous joints

Fibrous joints, which are not moveable (sutures of the skull). Fibrous joints also have a thin layer of fibrous periosteum between the 2 bones.

Synovial Joints

Synovial joints which are totally moveable and often sites of movement-related Injuries. These injuries include the knee and shoulder. Synovial joints can also

What does Synovial fluid do?

Joint lubrication and nutrition

What does articular cartilage do?

Spread out and absorb forces

What does the Articular Capsule do?

Surround and protect the joints

What does the synovial membrane do?

Produce the fluid for the joint

What does the Capsular ligaments do?

Limits excessive joint motion

What does blood vessels do?

Provide nutrients, permits healing to occur

What does sensory nerves do?

Transmit pain and awareness of position (proprioception)

Some familiar joints are

·       Skull

·       Intervertebral discs

·       Shoulder

·       Elbow

·       Wrist

·       Thumb

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle joint)

Ball and socket joints

A spherical or hemispherical head of one bone articulates with a cup like socket of another

Multiaxial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints

Examples: shoulder and hip joints

Saddle Joints

Similar to condyloid joints but allow greater movement

Each articular surface has both a concave and a convex surface

Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Hinge Joints

Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a through shaped surface on another

Motion is along a single plane (like a mechanical hinge)

Uniaxial joints permit flexion and extension only

Examples: Elbow and interphalangeal joints

Gliding joints

  Articular surfaces are essentially flat

Allow only slipping or gliding movements

Only examples of non-axial- joints

E.g., intercarpal/intertarsal joints, vertebral articular processes

What are the 3 functions of the articular system?

There are three main functions of the articular system:

To allow motion of the musculoskeletal system

To bear weight

To hold the skeleton together

What are the 6 types of joints?

These are the gliding joints hinge joints, pivot joints, Condyloid or ellipsoidal joints, saddle joints and ball and socket

Pivot Joints

Rounded end of one bone protrudes into a “sleeve.” Or ring, composed of bone (and possible ligaments) of another

Uniaxial rotation of one bone around its own long axis

Examples: “No” motion of the head via joint between the 2nd and 3rd vertebra

Condyloid or ellipsoidal joints:

Oval articular surface of one bone fits into a complementary depression in another

Both articular surfaces are oval

Biaxial joints permit all angular motions

Examples: radiocarpal (wrist) joints, and metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints