Linguistics - intro, social world, semantics

Language ideology

A culturally shared idea about language

Linguistic repertoire

the full range of linguistic varieties that an individual can use to any degree

Linguistic ownership

the view that a certain way of speaking (individual words or an entire language) as cultural property that should not be used by outgroup members.

Registers

varieties of language associated with the specialized activities of a particular group

slang

rapidly changing lexical terms

dialect

a language variety that is characteristic of a group based on geography, race or ethnicity, or social class —> a form of the same language.

dialect (political)

“a language is a dialect with an army and a navy”, may or may not be mutually intelligible with other languages in that country, but are regarded as separate languages for political reasons.

standard

an artificial linguistic variety that has been created to function as the prestige variety.

vernacular

the variety of language a speaker uses for everyday interaction

style shifting

alternating vernaculars based on topic, addressee, or social context

diglossia

the use of two different languages or dialects according to social domain

codeswitching

the use of two or more languages within a single interaction, can only occur when both parties are fluent in two languages

interlanguage

a characteristic of non-fluent language-learner’s speech where structural elements of their first language is combined into their second language due to an incomplete mastery of the new language

lexical borrowing aka loanwords

the process of adding new vocabulary to a language, without requiring any skill in the source language at all.