Platelets

platelets aka

Thrombocytes

Platelets originate from

Megakeratocytes

Clotting aka

Coagulation

Clotting factors

Any substance or chemical involved

Hemostasis

Complex interaction between blood vessels, platelets and clotting factors

Primary hemostasis creates a

Hemostatic plug

Secondary hemostasis creates a

Clot

Primary hemostasis starts with

Injury to blood vessel, endothelium exposed, lining and collagen

Step 1 of primary hemostasis

Platelets adhesion

Step 2 primary hemostasis

Platelet activation, more VWF released to attract platelets

what morphological and biological changes are there with platelet activation

pseudopods, increased surface area

step 3 of primary hemostasis

platelet aggregation- clump

step 4 of primary hemostasis

platelet secretion- granules discharge other chemicals

Chemicals secreted during platelet secretion

ADP, seretonin, thomboxane, calcium

ADP

attracts more platelets

seretonin

reduces blood flow by causing vasoconstriction

calcium

enhances effects of other clotting factors

thromboxane

more platelets to secrete more

secondary hemostasis involves

prothrombin and fibrinogen

prothrombin and fibrinogen are produced in the

liver

the liver requires what to produce prothrombin

vitamin K

prothrombin is converted to thrombin using

thromboplastin and calcium

fibrinogen is a

major blood protein

thrombin acts on fibrinogen to produce

fibrin

fibrin does what to produce a clot

meshes through hemostatic plug

clinical signs of bleeding issues

epistaxis, excessive bleeding or bruising when injured, petechia, hematuria

a patient will eventually become what if bleeding and not clotting

anemic

Causes of bleeding issues could be from

platelets, coagulation factors, liver ds, protein losing ds

thrombocytopenia

decreased platelets

Von willebrands factor could be affected due to

VWF ds, decreased VWF, inherited, breeds like dobermans and beagles

Vitamin K can be affected from

rat poisoning

what is in rat poison and what does it do

warfarin binds to vitamin k and causes internal hemorrhage

buccal mucosal bleeding time procedure

cut in gum and time the clotting

BMBT is done for

screeening for issues with coagulation, certain breeds, suspicionn

normal BMBT should be

2 min or less

bleeding time is done for

primary hemostasis which involves VWF and platelets

prothrombin time is done for

secondary hemostasis with extrinsic pathway

activated partial thromboplastin time is done for

secondary hemostasis with intrinsic pathway