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Chartres Cathedral
Considered the center of the cult of the Virgin in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.
Relic
The tunic Mary wore at Jesus’ birth, cherished at Chartres Cathedral.
Stained-glass programs
Their chief purpose in Gothic cathedrals was to tell Bible stories.
Tree of Jesse
A stained-glass window that depicts the Virgin Mary as descended from Jesse, fulfilling a prophecy from Isaiah.
Flying buttress
A support structure built against the exterior wall of a Gothic church.
Saint Theodore
A figure found on the jamb of Chartres’ south transept portal, depicted in a contrapposto position.
Magnus Libri Organi
A collection of musical works created for the Church calendar's feast days.
Viderunt Omnes
A four-part polyphonic composition for the Christmas Mass at Notre Dame Cathedral.
Motet
The minimum number of voices is three.
Trivium
A grouping of subjects that includes Grammar, Rhetoric, and Dialect.
Bologna
The first city to establish a university, becoming a center for law studies.
Latin
Mandatory language studied by students in the first four years of their education.
Robert de Sorbon
Significantly organized theology students in Paris.
Peter Abelard
A logician who taught by the dialectical method and authored the treatise Sic et Non.
Trotula
Recognized as the author of On the Diseases of Women.
Thomas Aquinas
Wrote Summa Theologiae and was a prominent representative of scholasticism.
Sainte-Chapelle
A Gothic church noted for having the highest ratio of glass to stone.
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
Famous for painting the fresco Allegory of Good Government.
Florence
By the twelfth century, it was the center of textile production and trade in the Western world.
Gold florin
The first single currency introduced by Florentine bankers, significant to trade.
Arte dei Lana
Formed the Opera del Duomo, overseeing the construction of a new Cathedral.
Mendicant orders
Religious groups like the Dominicans and Franciscans that do not hold property or engage in business.
Pope Innocent's accomplishments
Formalized Church hierarchy, endorsed transubstantiation, and mandated annual confession and Easter communion.
Simone Martini
Credited with painting the Mesata (Virgin and Child) in Sienna’s Palazzo Publico.
Cimabue and Giotto di Bondone
Cimabue discovered and tutored Giotto, who eventually surpassed him in painting.
Dante Alighieri
Author of the Divine Comedy.
Satan in Dante's work
Found chewing on Judas, Brutus, and Cassius at the lowest level of Hell.
Beatrice
Dante’s guide through paradise, representing the love of his life.
Decameron
Describes Florence during a plague outbreak.
Canterbury Tales
Composed of heroic couplets.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Author of the Canterbury Tales.
Chaucer’s characters
Represent all three social ranks: nobility, clergy, and common people.
Christine de Pizan
Author of the Book of the City of Ladies.
