History Concise Flashcards

When did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?

1760–1840

What is the Industrial Revolution?

A period of major industrialization starting in Britain, marked by mechanization and technological innovation.

Name three inventions that changed society during the Industrial Revolution.

Steam engine, spinning jenny, mechanized loom.

What were living conditions like during the Industrial Revolution?

Often poor and overcrowded with unsafe factory environments and child labor.

When did the Agricultural Revolution occur?

1700–1850

What was the Agricultural Revolution?

A period of agricultural advancements including crop rotation, enclosure, and mechanization.

How did the Agricultural Revolution influence the Industrial Revolution?

It increased food production, freeing labor for factories and stimulating population growth.

What is imperialism?

When a strong nation dominates a weaker territory politically, economically, or militarily.

Which empire was the primary imperialist colonizer relevant to this course?

The British Empire.

Why did empires colonize other countries?

To gain land, resources, economic advantage, and political power.

When did the First Fleet arrive in Australia?

1788

Why was New South Wales chosen as the location for the British Colony?

Strategic location and to solve Britain's convict overcrowding problem.

What were convicts expected to do upon arrival in Australia?

Serve sentences by laboring in public works and agriculture.

What is a ticket

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What was the abolition of the slave trade in the British Empire?

1807, the British Slave Trade Act ended the trade of slaves.

When was slavery abolished in the British Empire?

1833, the Slavery Abolition Act ended slavery itself.

Describe the conditions on slave ships during the Middle Passage.

Overcrowded, unsanitary, with little food and brutal punishments.

What is the Day of Mourning 1938?

A protest by Aboriginal Australians calling attention to their rights and treatment.

When were voting rights for Indigenous Australians enacted?

1962

Who was Charles Perkins?

Leader of the 1965 Freedom Rides protesting segregation in NSW.

What was the Protection Policy?

Government policy controlling many aspects of Indigenous peoples’ lives, starting early 1900s.

What was the Assimilation Policy?

A policy aimed at absorbing Indigenous people into white society, active 1937–1970s.

What were the Stolen Generations?

Aboriginal children forcibly removed from families, approx. 1910–1970.

When was the United Nations founded?

1945

What were push factors in migration during the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions?

Poverty, lack of land, unemployment, harsh living conditions.

What were pull factors in migration during this period?

Employment opportunities, land availability, freedom, and better living conditions.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect migration?

Increased demand for labor led to migration of free settlers and convicts globally.

What was the triangular trade?

The system of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas involving slaves, goods, and raw materials.

Where did most slaves work in the Americas?

On plantations growing cash crops like sugar, cotton, and tobacco.

What is the legacy of the slave trade?

Long