Introduction to Operative Dentistry & Black Classification of Caries 낱말 카드

What is the primary focus of restorative dentistry?

Restores the form, function, and aesthetics of teeth.

What is operative dentistry a subset of?

Restorative dentistry.

What does operative dentistry focus on?

Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of defects in the hard tissues of teeth caused by caries, trauma, or wear.

What are the typical components involved in operative dentistry?

Operative dentistry, prosthodontics, implant dentistry, direct restorations, and indirect restorations.

What is the goal of operative dentistry?

To rehabilitate the oral cavity after disease, injury, or wear.

What is a common example of a treatment in operative dentistry?

Dental implants, fixed units, full-mouth rehabilitation, or composite restorations.

What are the main components of a tooth?

Crown, root, and periodontium.

What is the definition of operative dentistry?

The science and art in dentistry that studies the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of defects in enamel and dentin.

What are non-carious dental defects?

Loss of surface tooth structure due to mechanical or chemical factors, such as attrition, abrasion, erosion, and abfraction.

What is dental caries?

A multifactorial disease that attacks tooth structure.

What is cavity preparation?

Mechanical removal of defective, injured, or diseased tooth structure and tissue.

What is a direct restoration?

Dental material placed directly in cavity preparation to restore structure that sets into a hard state.

What is an indirect restoration?

A restoration fabricated outside the oral cavity then cemented or bonded to the tooth.

Who is considered the father of operative dentistry?

Greene Vardiman (G.V.) Black.

What is the purpose of Black's Caries/Cavity Preparations Classification?

To classify cavity preparations based on diseased anatomic tissues and associated treatment types.

What characterizes Class I caries?

Pits and fissure caries located on occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars, and buccal and lingual pits of molars.

What characterizes Class II caries?

Proximal surfaces (smooth surface) caries located on mesial and distal of premolars and molars.

What is a Class III restoration?

Proximal surfaces of anterior dentition, specifically mesial and distal on incisors and canines.

What additional feature does a Class IV restoration include?

Proximal surfaces of incisors and canines in addition to the incisal edge.

What is attrition in the context of dental wear?

Loss of tooth structure due to mechanical wear from teeth.

What is abrasion in dental terms?

Loss of tooth structure due to mechanical wear from external objects or forces.

What is erosion in dentistry?

Loss of tooth structure due to acidic environments.

What is abfraction?

Loss of tooth structure along the gumline due to biomechanical stress and flexural forces.

What is Class V dental trauma?

Involves the gingival third of the facial or lingual surface of any tooth.

What does Class VI dental trauma involve?

Involves the incisal edges of anterior teeth and the cusp tips of posterior teeth; it is rare and not originally included in G.V. Black's system.

What is the armamentarium in dentistry?

A device that holds and delivers power to rotating instruments for tooth preparation.

What are the two types of dental handpieces?

Slow Speed (Blue dot) and High Speed (Red dot).

What is the speed range of a slow speed handpiece?

100 - 40,000 rpm.

When should a slow speed handpiece be used?

For controlled removal of deep caries near the pulp, cleaning external tooth surfaces, and finishing and polishing.

What is a characteristic of a high speed handpiece?

Operates at 500-200,000 rpm and generates considerable heat, requiring water coolants.

What is the torque characteristic of a high speed handpiece?

It has high torque and provides the most cutting efficiency with less vibration and pressure.

What is the advantage of electric driven handpieces over air driven?

They are quieter, have higher torque and power, and experience less stalling.

What type of procedures can a straight handpiece be used for?

Extra-oral procedures such as finishing a crown, temporaries, and trimming casts.

What is the main use of a contra-angled slow speed handpiece?

For increased control in caries removal with low torque.

What is the function of a latch type attachment in dental handpieces?

It is used for attaching specific types of burs in contra-angled slow speed handpieces.

What are the three main components of rotary instruments?

Head, Neck, Shank

What is the function of the head of a rotary instrument?

It is the working end that consists of blades or abrasive surfaces.

What are the different shank designs for rotary instruments?

Straight or long shank, Latch, Friction grip.

What is the purpose of the neck in a rotary instrument?

To connect the head and shank without obstructing visibility.

When should carbide burs be used?

For preparation, finishing, and removing old restorations.

How many blades do excavating/cutting burs typically have?

6 or 8 blades.

What does a higher number of blades in a bur indicate?

A smoother finish.

What colors are used to code the number of blades in burs?

10-12 = RED, 16-20 = YELLOW, 30 = WHITE.

What is the design of a plain tapered fissure bur?

It is designated by numbers 169-172.

What is the purpose of diamond instruments in dentistry?

For abrasive cutting in extra coronal preparations.

What are the color codes for diamond instruments based on abrasiveness?

Yellow: Superfine, Red: Fine, Blue: Medium, Green: Coarse, Black: Supercoarse.

What are the two types of non-cutting abrasives?

Coated and Molded abrasives.

What are the hazards associated with rotary instruments for patients?

Vibration and heat generation leading to dental tubule and pulpal trauma.

What safety measures should clinicians take when using rotary instruments?

Place bur heads away from themselves, cover scalpels, and wear masks and safety glasses.

What are the basic components of hand instruments?

Handle, Shank, Working end.

What distinguishes double-ended hand instruments?

They have working ends on both ends.

What is the purpose of examination instruments?

To examine teeth, soft tissue, and hard tissue.

What are examples of hand-cutting instruments?

Enamel hatchet, gingival margin trimmer.

What is the composition of hand-cutting instruments?

Blade made of carbon steel and handle made of stainless steel.

What are the different angulations of shank in hand-cutting instruments?

Mono angled, Triple angle, Bi-angle, Straight.

What is Black's Instrument Formula related to?

The design of cutting edges and bevels on instruments.

What is the method of use for direct cutting with hand instruments?

Force applied is perpendicular to the cutting edge.

What is the purpose of the mirror in dental examinations?

To reflect light, provide indirect vision, and retract soft tissue.

What is the role of the periodontal probe?

To measure standardized intraoral dimensions.