ID Lecture 3: Review of Medical Microbiology - Major Human Pathogens | Quizlet

Classify these bacteria:

Staphylococcus aureus

Gram positive

Cocci in clusters

Coagulase-positive

Classify these bacteria:

Staphylococcus epidermidis

S. saprophyticus

S. hominis

S. hemolyticus

S. warneri

Gram positive

Cocci in clusters

Coagulase negative

Classify these bacteria:

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Gram positive

Cocci in pairs

Classify these bacteria:

Streptococcus pyogenes

S. agalactiae

Groups C, F, G

Gram positive

Cocci in chains

Beta-hemolytic

Classify these bacteria:

Viridans streptococci

S. pneumoniae

Gram positive

Cocci in chains (also pairs)

alpha-hemolytic

Classify these bacteria:

Listeria

Cutibacterium

Corynebacterium

gardnerella

Gram positive

Bacilli

Small

Classify these bacteria:

Clostridium spp.

Bacillus

Gram positive

Bacilli

Big

Spore forming

Classify these bacteria:

Lactobacillus

Gram positive

Bacilli

Non-spore forming

Classify these bacteria:

Nocardia

Actinomyces

Erysipelothrix

Gram positive

Bacilli

Branching/filamentous

Classify these bacteria:

Neisseria meningitidis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Veillonella

Gram negative

Cocci

Classify these bacteria:

Aeromonas

Pasteurella

Vibrio

Gram negative

Bacilli

Oxidase positive

Lactose positive

Classify these bacteria:

E. coli

Klebsiella spp.

Enterobacter spp.

Citrobacter spp.

Gram negative

Bacilli

Lactose positve

Oxidase negative

Classify these bacteria:

Pseudomonas spp.

Flavobacterium spp.

Alcaligenes spp.

Moraxella spp.

Gram negative

Bacilli

Lactose negative

Oxidase positive

Classify these bacteria:

Proteus spp.

Proficendia spp.

Morgganella spp.

Salmonella spp.

Shigella spp.

Stenotrophomonas

Acinetobacter spp

Gram negative

Bacilli

Lactose negative

Oxidase negative

Classify these bacteria:

Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Gram negative

Coccobacilli

What is the morphology of S. aureus?

gram positive cocci in clusters

What is the result of a S. aureus coagulase test?

coagulase positive

What is the mechanism of resistance with S. aureus?

MRSA - due to changes in a penicilling binding protein

Is S. aureus considered to be virulent?

YES!

has cell-active toxins that causes it to have a high morbidity and mortality

What is the most common bacterial cause of skin and structure infections as well as blood stream infections?

S. aureus

What is the morphology of Staphylococcus epidermidis?

Gram positive cocci in clusters

What is the morphology of Staphylococccus saprophyticus?

Gram positive cocci in clusters

What is the result of a coagulase test with Staphylococcus epidermidis and saprophyticus?

coagulase negative

What is the mechanism of resistance in coagulase negative Staphylococcus speces?

MRCNS - same resistance mechanism as MRSA - changes in penicillin binding proteins

What is considered to be less virulent than S. aureus?

Coagulase negative staphylococcus species (epidermidis, saprophyticus)

What bacteria are frequently associated with biomaterial infections?

Coagulase negative staphylococcus species (epidermidis, saprophyticus)

Which gram positive cocci has a capsule?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What environment does Streptococcus pneumoniae require in order to grow?

Fastidious (requires CO2)

What is the mechanism of resistance for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

same as MRSA but have two changes in penicillin binding proteins

What bacteria is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae

What is the morphology of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Gram positive cocci in pairs

What is Group A strep?

Streptococcus pyogenes

What is Group B strep?

Streptococcus agalactiae

Whta is the morphology of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep)?

Gram positive cocci in chains

Streptococcus pyogenes is considered to be _________ - hemolytic.

Beta

What is the morphology of Streptococcus agalactaciae?

Gram positive cocci in chains

Streptococcus agalactaciae is considered to be ________ - hemolytic?

beta

What are the beta-hemolytic bacteria?

Streptococcus pyogenes and agalactaciae

What diseases does Streptococcus agalactaciae cause?

neonatal sepsis

What diseases does Streptococcus pyogenes cause?

Pharyngitis (strep throat)

Cellulitis

Streptococcus pyogenes is considered to be extremely susceptible to what antibiotic?

Penicillin

What are the alpha hemolytic bacteria?

Viridans Streptococcus Group

S. pneumoniae

Viridans streptococcus is considered to be normal flora at what location in the body?

Mouth and GI tract

Is Viridans streptococcus considered to be virulent?

no - has low virulence

What is the morphology of Viridans Streptococcus?

Gram positive cocci in chains

What are the gamma-hemolytic bacteria?

Enterococcus faecalis

Enterococcus faecium

Enterococcus faecalis is considered to be ________ - hemolytic.

gamma

Enterococcus faecium is considered to be ________ - hemolytic.

gamma

What are the two main species of Enterococcus found in the lower GI tract?

E. faecium and faecalis

What is the morphology of E. faecium and faecalis?

Gram positive cocci in chains

Are Entercoccus faecium and faecalis considered to be virulent?

no - unless patient is immunocompromised

Which Enterococcus species is resistant to Penicillin?

E. faecium

What disease does E. faecium and faecalis cause?

UTIs (w/ catheters)

What are the small gram positive bacilli?

Listeria

Cutibacterium

Corynebacterium

Gardnerella

What is the morphology of Listeria?

Small gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Cutibacterium?

Small gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Corynebacterium diptheriae?

Small gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Gardnerella?

Small gram positive bacilli

Which bacteria is linked to acne?

Cutibacterium

Which bacteria causes Diptheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

What are the large spore forming gram positive bacilli?

Bacillus spp.

- B. anthracis

- B. subtilis

- B. cereus

What is the morphology of Bacillus anthracis?

Large spore forming gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Bacillus subtilis?

Large spore forming gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Bacillus cereus?

Large spore forming gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Clostridoides spp.?

Large spore forming gram positive bacilli

What diseases does B. antracis cause?

Anthrax

What diseases does B. cereus cause?

food poisoning (cereus = cereal)

What environment do Clostridioides species prefer?

obligate anaerobes

What is the morphology of Nocardia?

Branching filamentous gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Actinomyces?

Branching filamentous gram positive bacilli

What is the morphology of Erysipelothrix?

Branching filamentous gram positive bacilli

Nocardia, Actinomyces, and Erysipelothrix are considered to be what?

opportunistic pathogens

What are the gram negative cocci?

Neisseria spp.

Veillonella

What is the morphology of Neisseria spp.?

Gram negative cocci

What is the morphology of Veillonella?

Gram negative cocci

What is the morphology of Neisseria meningitidis?

Gram negative diplococci

What is the morphology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

gram negative diplococcus

Where is Neisseria meningitidis considered to be normal flora?

Oropharynx

What are the gram negative coccobacilli?

Haemophilus

Moraxella

What is the morphology of Haemophilus?

Gram negative coccobacilli

What is the morphology of Moraxella?

gram negative coccobacilli

What environment do Haemophilus spp. prefer?

Fastidious

Which Haemophilus species is encapsulated?

H. influenzae

What diseases does Haemophilus species cause?

Otitis

Sinusitis

Epiglottitis

Pneumonia

Meningitis

What are the lactose positive and oxidase negative gram negative bacilli?

E. Coli

Klebsiella spp.

Enterobacter spp.

Citrobacter spp.

What is the most common cause of UTIs and abdominal infections?

Enterobacterales

- E. Coli

- Klebsiella spp.

- Enterobacter spp.

- Citrobacter spp.

What are the lactose positive and oxidase positive gram negative bacilli?

Aeromonas spp.

Pasteurella

Vibrio cholerae

What are the lactose negative and oxidase positive gram negative bacilli?

Pseudomonas

What environemnt does Pseudomonas prefer to grow in?

obligate aerobe

Which Pseudomonas species has a grape-like smell?

P. aeruginosa

What are the lactose and oxidase negative gram negative bacilli?

Proteus spp.

Providencia spp.

Morganella spp.

Serratia spp.

Salmonella

Shigella

Acinetobacter spp.

Stenotropomonas

What bacteria are more common in patients with prior healthcare exposure?

Proteus spp.

Providencia spp.

Morganella spp.

Serratia spp.

What disease does Proteus spp cause?

Kidney stones

What diseases does Salmonella spp. cause?

Salmonella

Typhoid fever

Shigella produces what toxin?

Shiga toxin

What does Shigella cause?

desentery

What are the gram negative bacilli that are anaerobic?

Bacteriodes spp.

Prevotella spp.

Fusobacterium spp.

Gram negative anaerobic bacteria can cause what?

abcesses

What bacteria are Spirochetes?

Treponema pallidum

Borella burgdorferi

Leptospira

Are spirochetes gram positive or negative?

Neither - difficult to stain due to double stranded membrane