Lecture 30: Infections of musculoskeletal system I

How can Borrelia be differentiated from Brachyspira and Leptospira?

It is wider, longer, and less coiled

Is Borrelia burgdorferi gram positive or negative?

Negative

How is Borrelia burgdorferi best stained?

Dark field microscopy

Sprichetes of Borrelia are transmitted and maintained by what?

Ticks

What is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the northern hemisphere?

Lyme disease

What is the arthropod vector of B. burgdorferi found in the east and midwest USA?

Ixodes scapularis

What is the arthropod vector of B. burgdorferi found in the western US?

Ixodes pacificus

What is the arthropod vector and distribution of B. afzelii?

Ixodes ricinus, Europe

What is the arthropod vector and distribution of B. garinii?

Ixodes persulcatus, eurasia

What is the only Borrelia species with birds as a reservoir in addition to rodents?

B. afzelii

During what two months are the majority of Lyme cases diagnosed in the US?

June, July

Where in the US are the majority of Lyme cases reported?

Northeast, great lakes

What is the characteristic sign of the early localized stage of lyme in humans, and when does this occur?

Erythema migrans, 3-30 days post bite

What is the key symptom of the early disseminated stage of Lyme in humans?

Facial or bell's palsy

What is a key symptom of the late disseminated stage of Lyme in humans?

Arthritis

What is the most common clinical manifestation of Lyme in humans?

Erythema migrans

What are the major clinical syndromes of Lyme in dogs?

polyarthritis and glomerulopathy

Shifting leg lameness in dogs is a sign of what Lyme symptom?

Lyme arthritis

What dog breeds are affected by Lyme nephritis?

Labrador, golden retriever, Bernese mountain dog

Clinical signs of Lyme are observed in percentage of exposed dogs and horses?

less than 10%

What specific hematologic or biochemical changes are pathognomonic of borreliosis?

None

What typically causes leukopenia or thrombocytopenia in dogs in Lyme endemic areas?

Infection or co-infection with rickettsial pathogen

Whole cell-ELISA measures antibodies using what?

Whole spirochetes

Antigen preparations, techniques, and interpretations of different laboratories (are/are not) standardized

are not

What antibodies develop in natural exposure to lyme?

58, 41, 39, 23 kDa

What antibodies develop when an animal is vaccinated for lyme?

31, 34, 28, 93 kDa

What is the invariable region of the borrelial protein VIsE

C6-peptide

The probability of lyme transmission is nearly zero if the tick is removed before _____

12 hours

shifting leg lameness from lyme arthritis

bell's palsy

erythema migrans