mods 42-45 (ch. 6)

Sigmund Freud

reason for couch therapy, best known/controversial psychologist, theories revolutionized the field of psychology, Freud was a clinical therapist… his patients was used for his theories.

The Psychodynamic perspective

how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Unconscious mind comes from…

childhood issues (unresolved childhood issues affected adult behavior)

Pre-conscious

Information thats not in our conscious but can be brought back

Conscious

everything youre aware of currently

unconscious

thoughts and motives behind a persons normal awareness. Contains a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts. Only psychoanalysis can access.

Id

childlike mindset, develops first… strives to satisfy our basic instincts - related to sexual and aggressive drives

Pleasure principal

deep dark animal… unconcerned. immediate gradification

Superego

morality and standard for judgement .. does whats right

ego

personality, executive part of the brain. balanced of id and superego

Psychoanalysis

projective test,,, sees through their words into the subconcious

example of psychoanalysis

ink blot test- reveals whats going on in subconscious

Dream analysis

A psychoanalytic technique in which the therapist interprets the symbolic meaning of the client's dreams in subconscious.

developmental psycology

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

nature with nurture

how does nature interact with nurture? How does that lead to the development?

Continuity and stages

parts of development - gradual or abrupt?

Stability and change

which traits persist? which change?

How do genes form our nature?

the gene combo created forms us as individuals (leading to differences and uniqueness) our experiences and interactions form us.

Kohlberg

stages of moral development

Erikson

psychosocial development stages

Piaget

stages of cognitive development

Evidence of Stable Stages

1000 people from ages 3-38 had consistent stages/emotion

path of life begins

with release of an egg from the mothers ovary

egg nucleus fuses with

sperm nucleus

fertilized egg to

zygote

differentiable at

6 weeks

teratogens

Chemicals that interfere with the normal development of embryos or fetuses

adaptive reflexes

rooting, sucking, startled

habituration

being less responsive with repeated stimulation

maturation

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience

brain grows most at the frontal lobe during

ages 3-6

ASSOCIATION AREAS

areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking

form neural connections

fiber pathways supporting lang., self control, proliferate into puberty

milestones are developmental .. example

sit, crawl, walk, run

infantile amnesia

the inability to remember events from early childhood

infants have non verbal memory true or false

true

Eriksons 8 stages- first stage

trust vs mistrust (0-2)

eriksons 2nd stage

autonomy vs shame/doubt (18m-3y)

eriksons stage 3

initiative vs guilt (3-5y)

eriksons stage 4

industry vs inferiority (5-12y)

eriksons stage 6

intimacy vs isolation (18-40y)

eriksons stage 7

generativity vs. stagnation (40-65y)

eriksons stage 8

integrity vs. despair (65+)

Jean Piaget

children cognition research… childs mind develops in stages… reflexes--> adults abstract reasoning

Jean Piagets idea

intellectual progression shows unceasing struggle to make sense of our experiences

maturing brain forms

schemas

schemas

mental molds/concepts in which we form experiences

if new example doesnt fit schema…

they add (assimilate) new experience into schema

modifying and correcting our understanding is…

accomidation

Piaget believed kids construct their understanding of the world by

interacting with it

Piagets first stage

Sensorimotor (0-2) SENSORY and innate processes and motor

Piagets second stage

Preoperational (2-6) learn to use language but doesnt comprehend mental operations

Piagets third stage

Concrete Operational (7-11) logical thinking but not abstract learning

Piagets fourth stage

formal operational (12+) logical thinking and abstract

Psychosexual stages of development

by sigmund frued

freuds first stage

oral stage (0-1)

freuds second stage

anal stage (1-3)

freuds third stage

phallic stage (3-6) - boys and girls learn differences

freuds fourth stage

latent stage (6-puberty) - learning whats socially acceptable

freuds fifth stage

genital stage (to adulthood) sexually active

cognition

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

object permance

the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

egocentrism

in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

theory of mind

people's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

theory of mind experiment

with chimpanzees

Vygotsky theory

by giving children new words, it scaffolds and highers their education

zone of proximal development (Vygotsky)

the difference between what children can do with assistance and what they can do alone

autism

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind

how many americans have autism

1/68 american kids by 8

characteristics of autism

poor communication among brain regions, eye contact, theory of mind (empathy n POV)

biological, genetic, and environment influences can lead to ASD t/f

true

how mnay boys for every girl have autism

3boys for every girl

Baron Cohen

Eyes test with the television show with faces on vehicles

theory of mind in ASD

impaired

Savant

a highly intellegent person with ASD

babies develop an attachement to..

their caregivers

parent-infant bond

the strong, loving connection that forms as parents hold, examine, and feed their newborn

when do fear of strangers form

8 months

seperation anxiety of parents peaks around

13m but declines

Harlows theory

Contact comfort is key to attachment

key to attachement

familiartiy

when does familiarity form

critical period for development of attachment

when is ducks critical period

after hatching

imprinting

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

do children imprint?

no

temperament

innate/inborn characteristics, emotional reactivity and intentsity

romanian orphenages had

15:1 children to caretakers

self concept

our understanding and evaluation of who we are

charles darwin theory of self-awareness

self-awareness begins when babies look at themselves in the mirror

authoritarian parenting

style of parenting in which parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child

permissive parenting

few limits and few demands

authoritative parenting

parenting style characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making

negligent parenting

parents are uninvolved. They are neither demanding nor responsive. They are careless, inattentive, and do not seek a close relationship with their children.

permissive parenting leads to

aggressive and immature kids

authoritive parening leads to

less social skills and self esteem- overactivity when mistaken

negligent parenting leads to

kids with poor academic and social outcomes

authoritative parenting leads to

self-control, social and moral maturity, high self-esteem kids