Lincoln's POLS 1100 flashcards

Politics

Deciding who gets what, when, and how

Power

Ability to influence others

Media

Channels sharing info + shaping opinion

Political narratives

Stories that frame politics + values

Social order

Organized structure of society

Government

System of rule/authority

Authority

Recognized right to use power

Legitimate

Accepted as proper/valid

Rules

Formal written guidelines

Norms

Unwritten social expectations

Institutions

Established systems/orgs (e.g., Congress)

Gatekeepers

Control info flow + narratives

Disinformation

Deliberately false info

Economics

How resources are made/distributed

Socialist economy

Gov't controls production/distribution

Substantive guarantees

Assurance of outcomes (results)

Procedural guarantees

Assurance of fair rules, not outcomes

Capitalist economy

Private ownership, free markets

Laissez-faire capitalism

No gov't interference in markets

Mixed economies

Blend of private + gov't control

Democratic socialism

Democracy + strong gov't economy role

Social democracy

Capitalism + social welfare programs

Regulated capitalism

Capitalism w/ gov't rules + protections

Authoritarian governments

Power unaccountable to people

Totalitarian

Gov't controls all aspects of life

Authoritarian capitalism

Authoritarian gov't + free markets

Subjects

People ruled by gov't w/o rights

Anarchy

Absence of gov't

Democracy

Rule by the people

Popular sovereignty

Authority comes from people

Advanced industrial democracy

Democracy + high living standards

Communist democracy

Communism + direct democracy ideals

Citizens

Members w/ rights + duties

Populism

Appeals to "the people" vs elites

Divine right of kings

Power comes from God

Classical liberalism

Emphasis on liberty + limited gov't

Social contract

Agreement to form gov't for protection

Republic

Gov't where power rests w/ elected reps

Digital natives

Born into tech era

Mediated citizens

Political info filtered through media

Public-interested citizenship

Focus on common good

Self-interested citizenship

Focus on own benefit

Hashtag activism

Online activism via social media tags

Information bubble

Exposure only to confirming views

Identity politics

Political focus on group identity

Immigrants

People moving to another country permanently

Naturalization

Process of becoming a citizen

Asylum

Protection for persecuted individuals

Refugees

Fleeing country due to danger

Nativism

Opposition to immigrants

Political culture

Shared beliefs/values about gov't

Values

Core principles people hold

Normative

Relating to what "should be"

Culture wars

Conflict over values/norms

Individualism

Belief in personal responsibility + freedom

Ideologies

Sets of political beliefs/values

Conservatives

Favor limited gov't, tradition, free markets

Liberals

Favor active gov't, equality, social change

Economic conservatives

Favor low taxes, little regulation

Libertarians

Max individual liberty, minimal gov't

Economic liberals

Support gov't role in economy

Social conservatives

Emphasize traditional values

Christian nationalism

Politics tied to Christian identity

Political correctness

Avoiding offensive language/ideas

Social liberals

Support expanded personal freedoms

Progressives

Push for reform, equality, justice

Authoritarian populism

Strong leader + "the people" vs elites

Slavery

System of forced labor, esp.

Racism

Belief one race is superior to others

French and Indian War

1754-1763 war; set stage for Revolution

Common Sense

Thomas Paine pamphlet urging independence

Declaration of Independence

1776 document declaring U.S. free from Britain

Constitution

1787 framework for U.S. gov't

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. gov't; weak, limited power

Confederation

Loose union of states w/ weak central gov't

Popular tyranny

Majority acting against minority rights

Shays's Rebellion

1786 uprising showing weakness of Articles

Constitutional Convention

1787 meeting to draft Constitution

Federalism

Division of power between national + state gov't

Federalists

Supported Constitution, strong central gov't

Anti-Federalists

Opposed Constitution, wanted more state power

Virginia Plan

Large state plan; representation by population

New Jersey Plan

Small state plan; equal representation

Great Compromise

Bicameral legislature; House by pop, Senate equal

Three-Fifths Compromise

Slaves counted as 3/5 for representation

Ratification

Approval of Constitution by states

The Federalist Papers

Essays defending Constitution (Hamilton, Madison, Jay)

Factions

Groups w/ shared interests (can cause conflict)

Bill of Rights

First 10 Amendments protecting freedoms

Legislature

Law-making body

Bicameral legislature

Two chambers (House + Senate)

Unicameral legislature

One chamber lawmaking body

Executive

Branch enforcing laws

Electoral College

Body that elects President

Presidential system

Exec separate from legislature

Parliamentary system

Exec chosen by legislature

Judicial power

Courts interpret/apply laws

Judicial review

Courts can strike down unconstitutional laws

Legislative supremacy

Legislature holds ultimate authority

Separation of powers

Division of gov't branches